Detoxification of cyclophosphamide is effected, in part, by hepatic class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1)-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide, a pivotal aldehyde intermediate, to the nontoxic metabolite, carboxyphosphamide. This enzyme is found in erythrocytes as well. Detoxification of aldophosphamide may also be effected by enzymes, viz. certain aldo-keto reductases, that catalyze the re...

The Plant peroxidases are remarkable enzymes due to their widespread use in industry. These enzymes, which capable of catalyzing the oxidation various organic and inorganic substrates, have been used clinical diagnosis, detoxification reactions synthesis. In this study, vitro production purification peroxidase enzyme from cauliflower plant was proposed. Firstly, sterile seedlings were obtained ...

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 exhibits redundant formaldehyde dehydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases that contribute to the detoxification of formaldehyde, a highly toxic compound. Physical and transcriptional analyses showed that the open reading frame (ORF) PP0328, encoding one of the formaldehyde dehydrogenases, is self-sufficient, whereas the other functional formaldehyde dehydrogenase gene ...

Polyhalogenated compounds are often environmentally persistent and toxic to mammals. Microorganisms that metabolize these compounds can detoxify contaminated environments. Different biochemical mechanisms are used to metabolize polyhalogenated compounds, but few naturally occurring bacteria have this capability. A recombinant bacterium was constructed to metabolize polyhalogenated compounds to ...

A wide interindividual variability in survival after cancer treatment is observed. This is attributable to many factors, including tumour and patient related factors. Genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolising enzymes and drug transporters may be one of these factors. Drug metabolising enzymes are responsible for the activation, inactivation and detoxification of many chemotherapeutic agents. D...

One purpose in this research was to determine the toxic effects of Cd on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidae). Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cd(2+). Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cd(2+) at differe...

Cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute two of the largest groups of enzyme families that are responsible for detoxification of exogenous molecules in plants. Their activities differ from plant to plant with respect to metabolism and substrate specificity which is one of the reasons for herbicide selectivity. In the tuber forming yam bean, the legume Pachyrhizus erosus...

The biotransformation of foreign substances (xenobiotic) including drugs in the body is divided into phase I, II and III. But phase II enzymes are playing a key role in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics to easily excretable forms and also the metabolic inactivation of pharmacologically active substances. The phase II enzymes can perform biotransformation through conj...

BACKGROUND The capacity of Aedes mosquitoes to resist chemical insecticides threatens the control of major arbovirus diseases worldwide. Until alternative control tools are widely deployed, monitoring insecticide resistance levels and identifying resistance mechanisms in field mosquito populations is crucial for implementing appropriate management strategies. Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids...

Biological treatment methods for the biodegradation of anthropogenic toxic pollutants are eco-friendly in nature and powered by a variety microbial enzymes. Green chemistry enzymes play crucial role catalyzing organic inorganic including azo dyes; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; lead; cyanides; aromatic amines; mono-, di-, polyphenols; polymers; mercury. Laccases form prospective group multifunction...