the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to three iranian populations of two-spotted spider mite, collected from isfahan (isr), yazd (yz) and guilan (gus2) provinces were surveyed using the residual contact vial bioassay. the bioassay results showed that resistance ratios of isr and yz populations were 176.90 and 9.78 fold compared to the gus2 population, respectively. determination of esterase and glutath...

organophosphorus compounds are highly toxic chemicals that have application in production of warfare agents and agricultural pesticides. detoxification of areas that have been exposed to these types of materials is of vital importance and several approaches have been used for this purpose. biodegradation of organophosphates is one of these approaches that is in the center of attention due to it...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. Their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. The increased mRNA expression of two P450 genes, CYP6P7 and CYP6AA3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant Ano...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether alcohol detoxification has an effect on factors that are involved in growth, metabolic functions and cell proliferation. Alcohol abuse is associated with low IGF-I levels that tend to rise after alcohol withdrawal. There is a paucity of studies on the course of IGFBP-3 (the main binding protein for IGF-I) after alcohol detoxification. MATERIAL/METHODS We prosp...

Two strategies leading to enzyme saving during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulo-starch biomass (LCSB) was investigated which included reducing enzyme dosage by varying their levels in enzyme cocktails and enhancing the fermentable sugar yield in enzyme-reduced systems using detoxification chemicals. Time course release of reducing sugars (RS) during 24-120 h was significantly higher ...

Glutathione transferases are enzymes involved in the detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds. These catalyse a variety of reactions on many physiological xenobiotic compounds using glutathione as co-substrate. Moreover, inhibitors such enzymes. A wide array biosensors based have been developed for analysing compounds, well several devoted to detection quantification themselves....

Research into human biotransformation and elimination systems continues to evolve. Various clinical and in vivo studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of foods and food-derived components on the activity of detoxification pathways, including phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes, phase II conjugation enzymes, Nrf2 signaling, and metallothionein. This review summarizes the research in th...