Heart valve disease is a very common medical condition; the most frequent aetiology is degenerative valve disease, mainly represented by calcific aortic stenosis in the elderly. In developing countries, valvular heart disease triggered by rheumatic fever is the most important aetiology and can lead to a heterogeneous heart valve disease, mainly represented by mitral stenosis in young female pat...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of a Dutch pressure sore risk assessment scale--the Centraal Begeleidingsorgaan voor de Intercollegiale Toetsing (CBO; National Organization for Quality Assurance in Hospitals) score--in the detection of patients at risk of developing pressure sores after admission to a nursing home. As the Norton score is the standard method of risk assessment, we also i...

Background/Introduction Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a significant complication that increases risk of mortality, prolongs hospital stay, and increases healthcare cost. In our institution, we developed a novel scoring system (Brompton & Harefield Infection Score BHIS) to identify patients at high risk of developing SWI following cardiac surgery with sternotomy. Patients identified to have h...

The rule of ideologies which ban interest or usury which is earned through lending money has led to developing economic systems that differ from conventional economic systems in which ,interest has been entered. The presence of systems not relying on interest, in turn, has questioned the necessary motives in capital establishments through savings. In this paper, while defining the concepts of m...

Background and objectives: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in developing countries. Because the cause of many chronic diseases lies in the human's lifestyle, performing health promotion behaviors is the best way to maintain and improve the health. Hence, this study aimed to compare the health promoting behaviors based on the Pender model in at risk groups of type 2 diabetes in wom...

background family planning (fp) program in pakistan has been struggling to achieve the desired indicators. despite a well-timed initiation of the program in late 50s, fertility decline has been sparingly slow. as a result, rapid population growth is impeding economic development in the country. a high population growth rate, the current fertility rate, a stagnant contraceptive prevalence rate a...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dramatic increasing of stroke risk. Development this serious complication accompanied by high mortality and disability. Nowadays we know many different scores that predict risk,butthe most popular CHA 2 DS -VASc risk score. At the same time, score does not have predictive accuracyand why a lot modifications inclusion/deletion indicators were introduce...

A dequate screening for identifying individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is important because vascular disorders are a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, the lifetime risk of developing CVD is high (an estimated 66% for men and >50% for women), and often the first symptom of disease is a sudden death, thereby occurring without an oppor...