Quantitation of hemodialysis by measuring changes in blood solute concentration requires careful timing when taking the postdialysis blood sample to avoid errors from postdialysis rebound and from recirculation of blood through the access device. It also requires complex mathematical interpretation to account for solute disequilibrium in the patient. To circumvent these problems, hemodialysis c...

Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) related to glucose degradation products such as methylglyoxal is reportedly associated with peritoneal deterioration in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the use of general antioxidant agents is limited due to their harmful effects. This study aimed to clarify the influence of the novel antioxidant molecular hydrogen (H2) on peritoneal OS ...

In haemodialysis, sodium and fluid balance (where intake matches loss) is achieved by ultrafiltration diffusion between the plasma water dialysate. If a patient’s does not change, any reduction in gain obtained lowering dialysate concentration will result less removal ultrafiltration. The corresponding change to achieve may mean benefit of lower offset morbidity caused fall serum during dialysi...

INTRODUCTION Total dialysate calcium concentration has an important influence on calcium metabolism in bicarbonate high-flux dialysis. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of different dialysate calcium concentrations on serum concentration of ionised calcium and on the balance of total dialysate calcium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 stable aneuric patients on chronic b...

BACKGROUND Several studies already stressed the importance of haemodialysis (HD) time in the removal of uraemic toxins. In those studies, however, also the amount of dialysate and/or processed blood was altered. The present study aimed to investigate the isolated effect of the factor time t (by processing the same total blood and dialysate volume in two different time schedules) on the removal ...

During peritoneal dialysis solutes and water are transported across the peritoneum, a thin “membrane” lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Dialysis fluid containing an “osmotic agent”, usually glucose, is infused into the peritoneal space, and solutes and water pass from the blood into the dialysate (and vice versa). The complex physiological mechanisms of fluid and solute transport betwee...

The long-term clinical effects of the use of a low calcium concentration in the dialysate are largely unknown. For this reason, the influence of low-calcium dialysate on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in hemodialysis patients and its long-term effect on the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism were studied. In 35 hemodialysis patients, the dialysate calcium concentration was lowered f...