stem cells are self-renewing cells that can be differentiated into other cell types. conventional in vitro models for studying stem cells differentiation are usually preformed in two-dimensional (2d) cultures. the design of three-dimensional (3d) in vitro models which ideally are supposed to mimic the in vivo stem cells microenvironment is potentially useful for inducing stem cell derived tissu...

Mesiodens is the most frequent type of supernumerary tooth and may occur in several forms, causing different local disorders, such as impaction of the anterior permanent teeth. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images have improved the diagnosis and treatment plan of patients with impacted and supernumerary teeth. The purpose of this paper was to report a case of two mesiodens in monozygot...

Three-dimensional environments have been shown to enhance cell aggregation and osteoblast differentiation. Thus, we hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) growth environments would enhance the mineralization rate of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) pre-osteoblasts. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of rotary cell culture systems (RCCS) as a means to en...

Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of rosmarinic acid on the nervous system. Rosmarinic acid as a herbal compound with anti-inflammatory effects can prevent the destructive effect of inflammation on the nervous system. Furthermore, various studies have emphasized the advantages of three dimensional (3D) culture over the two dimensional (2D) culture of cells. In this study, thermos...

Even though three-dimensional (3D) displays have been introduced in relatively recent times in the context of display technology, they have undergone a rapid evolution, to the point that a plethora of equipment able to reproduce dynamic three-dimensional scenes in real time is now becoming commonplace in the consumer market. This paper’s main contributions are (1) a clear definition of a 3D dis...

This article presents a brief review of methods to visualize forms of parts of the human body in different spatial resolutions by applying navigation observation and pattern recognition to three dimensional (3D) X-ray CT images. Several examples of 3D views of the parts of human body are shown. They are characterized by that the viewpoint is selected arbitrarily inside the body and moved around...

introduction: three-dimensional (3d) scanners are widely used in medicine. one of the applications of 3d scanners is the acquisition of anthropometric dimensions for ergonomics and the creation of an anthropometry data bank. the aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a modified 3d scanner fabricated in this study. methods: in this work, a 3d scan of the human body was o...

For several decades, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have held center stage in archaeological studies of ancient landscapes. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) technologies such as airborne LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry are allowing us to acquire inordinate amounts of georeferenced 3D data to locate, map, and visualize archaeological sites within their surrounding landscapes. GIS offers l...

Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for mitral valve (MV) anatomic and functional evaluation. Currently, dedicated MV analysis software has limitations for its use in clinical practice. Thus, we tested here a complete and reproducible evaluation of a new fully automatic software to characterize MV anatomy in different forms of mitral regurgitation ...