Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent polyclonal B-lymphocyte activators. Recently, we have shown that LPS inhibits both spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis in mature B lymphocytes, through cytosolic retention of Bax, a proapoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, by preventing its translocation to mitochondria. Research within the last few years has revealed that members of the NF-kappaB transc...

Aortic valve calcification causes the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Stimulation of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up-regulates the expression of osteogenic mediators, and NF-κB plays a central role in mediating AVIC osteogenic responses to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. Diseased aortic valves exhibit greater levels of oxidi...

BACKGROUND Fractalkine (FKN) is involved in the occurrence and development of human lupus nephritis. It is known to be upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus in vivo. MRL/lpr mice have been used as an in vivo model to study lupus nephritis. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used widely in the clinical treatment of progressive glomerular diseases such as lupus nephritis. The aim of this ...

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in host cells upon infection. LPS binds to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchored membrane protein CD14, which lacks an intracellular signaling domain. Here we investigated the role of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as signal transducers for LPS. Overexpression of ...

This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tinctorius leaves by measuring inflammatory parameters such as nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression iNOS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, effect ethanol extract on MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway was examined The phytochemical profile determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/M...

Chorioamnionitis is a major cause of preterm delivery. Infants exposed to inflammation in utero and then born preterm may have improved lung function in the immediate postnatal period. We developed a mouse model of chorioamnionitis to study the inflammatory signaling mechanisms that might influence fetal lung maturation. With this in vivo model, we found that Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide...

Abstract Interactions between pattern-recognition receptors shape innate immune responses to pathogens. NOD1 and TLR4 are synergistically interacting playing a pivotal role in the recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. However, mechanisms their cooperation poorly understood. It is unclear whether synergy produced at level signaling pathways downstream or more distal levels such as gene transcri...

The sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway is known to play a role in mediating the action of various cytokines. Here we examined the possible role of the sphingomyelin signaling pathway on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cytokine-mediated production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Sphingomyelinase (SMase) treatment of astrocytes increased the cellular level...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of growth hormone (GH) on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and organ injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups treated with saline, LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS plus GH (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg), or GH (2.0 mg/kg) alone for 2 or 4 hr. NF-kappaB activity and I-kappaB level in lung, lung accu...