Viral attachment to target cells is the first step in infection and also serves as a determinant of tropism. Like many viruses, mammalian reoviruses bind with low affinity to cell-surface carbohydrate receptors to initiate the infectious process. Reoviruses disseminate with serotype-specific tropism in the host, which may be explained by differential glycan utilization. Although α2,3-linked sia...

BACKGROUND Introduction: GM2 is a type of ganglioside. It is associated with GM2 gangliosidoses such as Tay-Sachs disease.

Human kidney extracts heated to 60 degrees and devoid of hexosaminidase activity (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.30) stimulate more than 20-fold the hexosaminidase A-catalyzed degradation of ganglioside GM2 and of glycolipid GA2, the neuronal storage compounds of GM2 gangliosidosis. The stimulating factor of this extract, which is labile at temperatur...

We induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GM2/GD2 synthase knockout mice (GM2/GD2-/-), which cannot synthesize complex gangliosides, such as GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b, to investigate the roles of complex gangliosides in the pathogenesis of this disease. We used myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as an immunogen. In active immunization EAE, the severity of clinic...

Sandhoff disease, one of the GM2 gangliosidoses, is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of β-hexosaminidase A and B activity and the concomitant lysosomal accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside. It features catastrophic neurodegeneration and death in early childhood. How the lysosomal accumulation of ganglioside might affect the early development of the nervous sys...

Anti-ganglioside complexes (GSCs) IgG antibodies have been reported in patients with Guillain-Barré (GBS) or Fisher syndrome but little is known on their presence in multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) or other chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. We examined 24 patients with MMN, 34 with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), 23 with neuropathy associated with IgM mon...

GM2 gangliosidosis is a family of three genetic neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in neuronal tissue. Two of these are due to the deficiency of the heterodimeric (α-β), "A" isoenzyme of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase (HexA). Mutations in the α-subunit (encoded by HEXA) lead to Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), whereas mutations in the β-subunit (encoded by HEXB)...

An environmentally friendly, one-pot, three-component synthesis of 8,10-dimethyl-12-aryl-12H-naphtho[1′,2′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-9,11-diones was achieved via coupling aromatic of aldehydes, β-naphthol and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil in the presence of formic acid as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 90 °C. This method has several advantages, such as efficiency, good yield, short...