An oral solid dosage form should ideally disperse into the primary particles from which it was prepared. Tablets and capsules which need rapid disintegration, the inclusion of the right disintegrant is a prerequisite for optimal bioavailability. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhance...

Background Rational prescription is a considerable issue which must be paid more attention to assess the behavior of prescribers. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting family physicians’ drug prescribing.   Methods We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study in Khuzestan province, Iran in 2011. Nine hundred eighty-six prescriptions of 421 family physicians (including 3...

Oral administration of different dosage forms is the most commonly used method due to greater flexibility in design of dosage form and high patient acceptance, but the gastrointestinal tract presents several formidable barriers to drug delivery. In oral colonspecific drug delivery system, colon has a large amount of lymphoma tissue (facilitates direct absorption in to the blood), negligible bru...

In recent years, in association with progress and innovation in the field of pharmaceutical technology, there has been an increasing effort to develop prolonged release dosage forms for many drugs. Correspondingly, a growing number of new prolonged release dosage forms have been submitted for regulatory approval. Prolonged release dosage forms have many advantages in safety and efficacy over im...

Gastroretention is the mechanism by which a dosage form is retained in the stomach, generally for the purposes of improving drug delivery. It has been proposed as a mechanism through which drug absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract can be maximised. Gastroretentive approaches to drug delivery aim to counteract the physiological mechanisms that cause the stomach to empty by providing a ...

Simulations of the effects of DNA polymorphisms, transcriptional noise, and epigenetic differences within and among populations suggest highly divergent responses to drug dosage, resulting in considerable risk of adverse effects. These findings highlight the need for personalized calibration of drug dosage.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to amend the final monograph (FM) for over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant drug products (drug products used to relieve nasal congestion due to a cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies) to add phenylephrine bitartrate (PEB), both individually and in combination drug products in an effervescent dosage form, as gen...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to evaluate the current awareness of and implementation by pharmacists in Japan of adjustment of drug dosage according to renal function (ADDR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to clarify the factors influencing implementation of ADDR by community pharmacists. METHODS We conducted a web-based questionnaire of Japanese community and hospi...