political and social isolation of women in pre-islamic period and their blurred role in social and political life was changed with the advent of islam. however, in the era of the caliphs, under the influence of jewish and christian cultural elements and the revival of certain pre-islamic arabian traditions, the page was turned and the situation is well reflected in historical texts and traditio...

The emergence of studies on Islamic mysticism or Sufism in the last few centuries, which reached its peak 20th century, shows that has progressed well areas outside Islam. That is evidenced by Muslim community West, adheres to teachings Sufism. This article aims explore how development West focuses two things (1) Examine various theories introduction and early since 17th century AD. (2) Assess ...

This special issue explores the interactions between Islamic law and other legal traditions during modern period, particularly in contexts of colonialism, imperialism, centralized bureaucratic states from eighteenth to early twentieth centuries. The three essays contribute ongoing scholarly debates that present contrasting views on fate sharīʿa this period. Between two sides debate, there is a ...

Describing the Islamic financial system simply as 'interest-free' does not do justice to the system. Promotion of entrepreneurship, preservation of property rights, transparency and the sanctity of contractual obligations, which are crucial to any sound financial system, describe its essence. Today, Islamic financial and banking activities have reached an impressive size of over US$250bn, as co...

The article explores the panditas and their role function in Philippine history, examining selected depictions Spanish English sources from 17th century until early 20th centuries. As precolonial figures that illustrate link of Philippines to broader Malay world, gradually acquired embodied Islamic elements into amorphous identity practice, ultimately becoming knowledge, spirituality, culture M...

First of all, one point seems in order regarding the title: this article is not intended to be comprehensive in its coverage. Rather, it focuses on a deliberately and highly selected body of studies on the division of labor ranging from ancient Greeks to WWII as represented by those reproduced in Sun (2005a), with particular attention paid to what I believe has been relatively unknown even amon...

The controversies and theological debates between different religions have always been an interesting topic for the scholars of religion. These debates were usually carried out in two ways: orally, in a meeting dedicated to these debates, or in writing. One of the religious traditions criticized since its emergence and against which many refutations were written in the early Islamic centu...

quran, the eternal word of god and human capital, since the descent to the present and future generations of muslims will always be special consideration. god's word in a very short time, swept across borders and across wide territories adjacent to their building and conquered the hearts of patriots. this fascination with the muslim holy book, owes much to the aesthetics of the word of god...

The conventional view holds that girih (geometric star-and-polygon, or strapwork) patterns in medieval Islamic architecture were conceived by their designers as a network of zigzagging lines, where the lines were drafted directly with a straightedge and a compass. We show that by 1200 C.E. a conceptual breakthrough occurred in which girih patterns were reconceived as tessellations of a special ...