The Raya port (eighth to 12th centuries) on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, was one of the important port cities for the Red Sea trade. We performed on-site analyses of Islamic glass vessels (used in eighth to 11th centuries) mainly from this site in Egypt using a portable XRF spectrometer. The aim of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of the chemical compositions of early Islamic gla...

historical sources of early islamic centuries have been introduced “kelaar” as an flourishing city in the mountainous area between tabarestan and deilam which nowadays is known as “kelardasht” in mazandaran. in the middle of 3rd century, this city appeared as the political center of tabarestan uprising against taherian dynasty under hassan ibn zaid-e alavi leadership. despite of its importance ...

identity is one of those symbols which are influenced by variety of factors. since civilization and culture consists of physical and spiritual manifestations left behind by the mankind throughout the history, the tools and the items used by them becomes extremely important when studying their culture. by studying the symbols and the myths which are reflection of the people who used these items,...

Little is known about the state of experimentation in the field of medicine during the Medieval Islamic era. With few exceptions, most of the contemporary sources on history of medicine propagate the idea that the roots of experimental medicine in its modern form, including clinical trials and drug-potency studies, first started during the European Renaissance in the 16(th) to the 18(th) centur...

Classical Islamic law recognizes only natural persons; it does not grant standing to imagined, juristic persons. This article identifies self-reinforcing processes that kept Islamic law from developing a concept of legal personhood indigenously. Community building being central to Islam’s mission, the early promoters of Islam had no use for a concept liable to facilitate factionalism. In subseq...

using records and documents left by muslim geographers and historions, this article tries to rebuild the historical geography of zarang, now a buried islamic - iranian city and once the administrative center of the sistan region in southeastern iran. the aim of this reconstruction is to help archaeologists have access to the plan and approximate whereabouts of major facilities of the city befor...

to find the identity, position and status of women in the early centuries of islamic government, it is necessary to rely on reasonable documents. the pictorial resources and designs remained from artistic works of these times are among the available documents which can be studied by focussing on the position of women in this period. the designs of figures remained from the early centuries of is...

the study of the interactions among different religions’ related artworks is one of the most important evidences in comparative studies towards attaining new information and insights in the development of these works in different lands and countries. the extant samples of such studies indicate how artistic movements come into being and expand during the evolution of religions in societies and t...