Background: Dopa-responsive dystonia associated with mutations in the GCH1 gene (DYT5) is classically described as autosomal dominant but rare cases recessive inheritance have been reported. The (AD) form characterized by a childhood onset and predominates females. It usually starts gait disturbance foot (segmental dystonia) fluctuation of symptoms during day, parkinsonism can be present. treat...

Eight cases of persistent dystonia appearing one to 14 years after non-progressive cerebral insults are described. Five were due to perinatal anoxia, one to trauma, and two to cerebral infarction. This phenomemon of delayed-onset dystonia has not been described previously, although review of earlier literature reveals several probable examples. Delayed-onset dystonia due to perinatal anoxia is ...

Background Systematic perceptual distortions of tactile space have been documented in healthy adults. In isolated focal dystonia impaired spatial somatosensory processing is suggested to be a central pathophysiological finding, but the structure for different body parts has not previously explored. Objectives The objective this study was assess organization with novel behavioral paradigm distan...

Dystonia is a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing repetitive movements or abnormal postures. They are classified by age of onset, by aetiology and by distribution. Younger the age of onset, the more Likely that the dystonia will become severe and involve multiple parts of the body (Marsden et al., 1976). Approximately one third of all patients with dystonia have sympto...

Indirect evidence suggests that the thalamus contributes to abnormal movements occurring in patients with dystonia (dystonia patients). The present study tested the hypothesis that thalamic activity contributes to the dystonic movements that occur in such patients. During these movements, spectral analysis of electromyographic (EMG) signals in flexor and extensor muscles of the wrist and elbow ...

drug induced dystonic reactions are among common presentations of patients in emergency departments, and typically occur with antidopaminergic agents as their extra-pyramidal side effects. dystonic reactions usually occur within the first few hours or days after commencing a drug or dose increase. unlike other extra-pyramidal side effects, a patient may experience acute dystonic reactions (adrs...

Dystonia is a syndrome of sustained muscular contractions with numerous underlying etiologies. This review examines the varied phenomenology of dystonias, its evolving classification including recent genetic data as well as its clinical investigation and treatment. Although age of onset, anatomical distribution and family history are key elements of the investigation of dystonia, classification...

Pallidotomy was performed in a parkinsonian patient with off-period foot dystonia. Dystonia appeared at the beginning of surgery and disappeared after the first microelectrode penetration of the globus pallidus, perhaps a micropallidotomy effect. Neuronal recording during dystonia revealed that the mean firing rates were low in both the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus, and...

Acute dystonia is a side effect of antipsychotic medication, and appears shortly after beginning treatment. The movement disorder is characterized by sustained muscle contractions that are typically slow, but rapid dystonia referred to as myoclonic dystonia has also been described. Cranial, pharyngeal and cervical muscles are generally affected causing fixation of the jaw, retrocollis, torticol...

BACKGROUND Munchausen syndrome presenting with psychogenic dystonia is a rare condition. PHENOMENOLOGY SHOWN A psychogenic dystonia case presenting with an acute onset of retrocollis, lower limb dystonia and bizarre gait was diagnosed as Munchausen syndrome. EDUCATIONAL VALUE Recognizing psychogenic dystonia avoids unnecessary investigations and provides successful treatment.