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Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by chorea, dementia, seizure, acanthocytes on peripheral blood smear and caudate atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).1,2 These patients have severe orofacial dyskinesia and especially eating dystonia that causes severe eating problems and tongue and cheek biting. Eating or feeding dystonia, in c...

Jaw-opening dystonia (JOD) is a type of oromandibular dystonia in which patients suffer from prolonged lateral pterygoid muscle contraction causing sustained jaw opening. Patients have difficulty eating and speaking, often drool uncontrollably, and suffer from a poor quality of life. Therapeutic options for this disease are limited, making this a challenging problem to address. We describe the ...

after parkinsonism, dystonia is the movement disorder most commonly encountered in movement disorder clinics. it is defined as a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. dystonia is classified in three ways: age at onset, body distribution of abnormal movements, and etiology. the etiologic classification identifies fou...

dystonia is a movement disorder that causes sustained muscle contractions, repetitive twisting movements, and abnormal postures of the trunk, neck, face, or arms and legs. inherited dystonias can be classified as primary dystonia, dystonia-plus, heredo-degenerative dystonia, and paroxysmal dyskinesias with dystonia. the primary dystonias are those with no other neurologic abnormalities. primary...

Introduction:Dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. Laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. It is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. The pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. Some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structure...

oromandibular dystonia (omd) is a rare focal neurological disorder that affects mouth, face, and jaws. this comprehensive literature review aimed to summarize the current evidence for etiology, diagnosis, and management of omd and assess the possibility of dental origin of the disease and dental treatment plans for these patients. different online databases namely pubmed, google scholar, and sc...

  Little is known about the results of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in DYT6 dystonia. This will be the first report of DYT6 dystonia treated with pallidal DBS from Iran. A 21 years old male patient with DYT6 dystonia underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation. The target of DBS was the sensorimotor region of the posteroventralglobuspallidusinternus (GPi). DBS parameters included an amp...