The structure of the monoid of autarkies for clause-sets is investigated (autarkies are generalizations of satisfying (truth) assignments). The notion of a \plain clause-set" is introduced, where every clause is usable by some resolution refutation, and it is shown that a clause-set is plain ii it has no non-trivial autarky. Every clause-set has a unique decomposition into a plain sub-clause-se...

one of the principal challenges before economical progress and development is governmental monopoly and economical structure. the root of this dilemma is from historical backgrounds and codification our constitution. upon article 44 all of the important economical activities in especial foreign trade belong to the government. but at the end of this article; there is an important clause; it says...

Abstract The current study presents an analysis of a linguistic device supporting interactional coherence in computer-mediated communication (CMC). focused on the use German causative conjunction weil and, more specifically, syntactic variation verb-final versus verb-second word order -clause. Verb-final indicates dependent clause, whereas independent clause. While only former is accepted writt...

The economic nexus standard has gained significant support during the last decade as proper for determining scope of states’ taxing powers under Dormant Commerce Clause. Unfortunately, however, despite widespread acceptance that in abstract, there is no uniform understanding what actually means. State courts have adopted generally failed to explain its parameters, and those few addressed artifi...

In this paper we study how to perform object classification in a principled way that exploits the rich structure of real world labels. We develop a new model that allows encoding of flexible relations between labels. We introduce Hierarchy and Exclusion (HEX) graphs, a new formalism that captures semantic relations between any two labels applied to the same object: mutual exclusion, overlap and...

fork in the road clauses and waiver clauses in investment treaties are supposed to minimize the number of parallel proceedings in foreign investment disputes. while, fork in the road clauses preclude investors from further litigation or arbitration once the first dispute settlement mechanism is triggered, in waiver clauses, domestic litigation can be followed by treaty arbitration regarding the...

This study describes the standard clauses in murabahah financing agreement. uses a normative juridical research method. The data was collected using literature techniques on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. material is then analyzed qualitative analysis methods, which will conclude research’s object. results show that there are 17 prohibition of inclusion exclusion clause There...