The main aim of this study is to analyze the effect external debt on different types emissions in India as carbon dioxide emissions, methane from liquid fuel consumption, solid and gaseous consumption. has a fast growing especially after 2008 world financial crisis. similar situation China Turkey which also started increase significantly only analyzed by Katircioglu Celebi (2018), Beşe, Friday,...

There are many children who do not go to school, they more concerned with making a living for their survival. Even though the government has provided assistance elementary schools in form of Assistance Poor Students, Jakarta Smart Card, and Indonesia Program. The aim this article is describe whether problem financing education comes from internal or external because inexpensive free accordance ...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in syria over the period 1970-2010. the johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. the granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

Information asymmetry is an important reason that causes external financing constraints. Because reputation has the function of signal transmission, a better reputation of an entrepreneur can reduce the degree of the firm information asymmetry and alleviate financing constraints of the firm. Based on the grouped sample of 94 listed companies of China from 2007 to 2009, this paper did empirical ...

A firm is sold in a cash auction in which cash-constrained bidders must raise external financing if they win the takeover contest. This paper shows that a bidder’s expected payoff after paying the seller and repaying his financier does not depend on the financier’s ability to extract rent. For any given security type, an increase in the cost of financing (e.g., a higher interest rate) is fully ...

The articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how t...

Because of external financing costs, private business owners often need to self-finance new investment projects. These self-financing needs create an incentive for business owners to hold financial assets whose payoffs are positively correlated with self-financing needs. If this effect is aggregated, expected returns on financial assets should be negatively correlated with aggregate private inv...