During the Pahlavi era, Iran's widespread developments influenced by the industrial revolution led to a lot of changes in family structure and by changing the function of family and the roles and relations of family members, paved the way for a change in the houses' spatial organization. Therefore, the main question addressed in this study is: “"What changes are brought about in the space organ...

The authors examine cohort trends in childhood income volatility among U.S. children born between 1970 and 1990. In contrast to previous studies that focused mainly on period trends, the adopt a cohort-life-course perspective measure children’s exposure from birth age 17, which provides more adequate account of economic environment during early life stages. Using data Panel Study Income Dynamic...

This research aims to examine how female family echelons (the presence on commisioner or director) effect leverage. Sample use in are 1374 firms years observation from nonbank and nonfinancial sector actived trade Indonesia Stock Exchange over 2011 2015. Using regression of fixed model, this finding suggest that firm less leverage than nonfamily firm. Proportion ownership, director insignifican...