We investigated the relationship between fetal body weight at term (pregnancy day 21) and the extent of ossification of sternum, metacarpus, metatarsus, phalanges (proximal, medial and distal) of fore- and hindlimbs and cervical and coccygeal vertebrae in Wistar rats. The relationships between fetal body weight and sex, intrauterine position, uterine horn, horn size, and litter size were determ...

background: in most cancer cases, the treatment choice for a pregnant patient is radiotherapy. in these patients, the abdomen is usually not exposed therefore fetus exposure is due to peripheral dose (pd). the purpose of this study was to estimate the fetal dose (the maximum pd in each pregnancy stage) for modalities available and to fabricate and evaluate a generally applicable fetal shield. m...

We have tested a new Doppler ultrasound apparatus which registers both fetal movements and fetal heart rate with a single transducer. To evaluate the reliability of the recognition of movements we also observed them simultaneously by real time ultrasound. In 20 patients with normal pregnancies between the 30th and 42nd week of gestation, taking the real time ultrasound as reference the positive...

Background: Detection of women at risk for dystocia will allow physicians to make preparations and treatment decisions that can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. We aimed to determine the risk factors for dystocia in nulliparous women. Methods: This case series enrolled 447 nulliparous women who presented with a single pregnancy in the vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 we...

Fetal magnetocardiograms (MCG) can be measured non-invasively. From these measurements the duration of the various waves in the fetal cardiogram can be obtained as well as the fetal heart rate. Hence, the fetal MCG can, for instance, be used to classify arrhythmias. However, the amplitudes within the measured cardiogram depend on the fetoabdominal anatomy. For instance, the position of the meas...

AGE 3 1 2 4 The risk of noncommunicable diseases accumulates with age and is influenced by factors acting at all stages of the life span. The main factors at different stages of life include the following: 1 Fetal Life fetal growth, maternal nutritional status, socioeconomic position at birth 2 Infancy and Childhood growth rate, breastfeeding infectious diseases, unhealthy diet, lack of physica...

Background Intra uterine diagnosis of cardiac malformations is very important because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in sonographic equipment, fetal position, maternal obesity, maternal abdominal wall scar from previous surgery and olygohydramnios, can impair significantely the visualization of fetal cardiac structures. The intent of this study was to ev...