background: estimating dosimetric parameters for small fields under non-reference conditions leads to significant errors if done based on conventional protocols used for large fields in reference conditions. hence, further correction factors have been introduced to take into account the influence of spectral quality changes when various detectors are used in non-reference conditions at differen...

On-chip ESD protection circuits realized with novel diode structures without the field-oxide boundary across the p/n junction are proposed. A PMOS (NMOS) is especially inserted into the diode structure to form the PMOS-bounded (NMOS-bounded) diode, which is used to block the field oxide isolation across the p/n junction in the diode structure. Without the field oxide boundary across the p/n jun...

Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence/spectral sensitivity of silicon diodes designed for small-field dosimetry and obtain response factors (RFs) for arbitrary photon spectra using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.   Methods: The EGSnrc user-code DOSRZnrc was used to calculate the dose deposition in water and in the active volume of a stereotactic diode f...

laser irradiation has been suggested as an adjunct to traditional caries prevention methods. but little is known about the cariostatic effect of diode laser and most studies available are on permanent teeth.the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of diode laser irradiation combined with topical fluoride on enamel surface microhardness.forty-five primary teeth were used in...

In this article, the authors show that geometric asymmetry in the layout of tunnel diodes yields asymmetry in the current-voltage I-V relationships associated with these diodes. Asymmetry improves diode performance. This effect is demonstrated for polysilicon–SiO2–Ti /Au and for Ni–NiO–Ni tunneling structures. For a polysilicon–SiO2–Ti /Au asymmetric tunneling diode ATD , sensitivity and I-V cu...

Silicon diode dosimeters have been used routinely for in-vivo dosimetry. Despite their popularity, an appropriate implementation of an in-vivo dosimetry program using diode detectors remains a challenge for clinical physicists. One common approach is to relate the diode readout to the entrance dose, that is, dose to the reference depth of maximum dose such as d(max) for the 10x10 cm(2) field. V...