abstractbackground: an electron beam generated x-ray spectrum consists of characteristic x-ray and continuous bermsstrahlung. the aim of this research is calculating and comparing x-ray spectra for different target filter of mammograms. materials and methods: monte carlo is a very powerful tool to simulate a series of different target-filter assembly in order to calculate the x-ray spectra. mcn...

filter is one of the main components of embankment dams. by a simple but effective performance, filter protects the dam against erosion and soil scouring in impervious core caused by leakage (piping) and makes it safe. interaction between filter and erodible base soil is a complex phenomenon which is dependent upon several factors, and has challenged researchers for better understanding the fil...

In the proposed centrifugal filtration device, a filter is mounted in center of chamber. The particles move towards centrifuge wall away from under force, so cake unlikely to accumulate here. working fluid injected continuously, feed pressure higher than discharge pressure, which compels light-phase leave through as filtrate. filtrate flux rate and movement chamber device were investigated usin...

A device was adapted to allow for time-integrated sampling of fluid from the rumen via a cannula. The sampler consisted of a cup-shaped ceramic filter positioned in the ventral rumen of a cannulated cow and attached to a tube through which fluid entering the filter was removed continuously using a peristaltic pump. Rate of ruminal fluid removal using the device was monitored over two 36-h perio...

Time lag between subcutaneous interstitial fluid and plasma glucose decreases the accuracy of realtime continuous glucose monitors. However, inverse filters can be designed to correct time lag and attenuate noise enabling the blood–glucose profile to be reconstructed in real time from continuous measurements of the interstitial-fluid glucose. We designed and tested a Wiener filter using a set o...

background: butterworth, gaussian, hamming, hanning, and parzen are commonly used spect filters during filtered back-projection (fbp) reconstruction, which greatly affect the quality and size accuracy of image. materials and methods: this study involved a cardiac phantom in which 1.10 cm thick cold defect was inserted into its myocardium wall and filled with 4.0 μci/ml (0.148 mbq/ml) 99mtc conc...

Industry testing procedures such as ANSI/API 13B-1 describe a method for measuring fluid loss and studying filter-cake formation against medium of either filter paper or porous disc, without giving information about potential damage. Considering the thickness discs, it may also be possible to extend gain an insight into aspects A new experimental set-up methodology was created evaluate changes ...

In this paper, a special preprocessing operations (filter) is proposed to decrease the effects of noise of textures. This filter using average of circular neighbor points (Cmean) to reduce noise effect. Comparing this filter with other average filters such as square mean filter and square median filter indicates that it provides more noise reduction and increases the classification accuracy...

Abstract The goal of this paper is to test solids4Foam, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) toolbox developed for foam-extend (a branch OpenFOAM), and assess its flexibility in handling more complex flows. For purpose, we consider an incompressible fluid described by a Leray model with hyperelastic structure modeled as Saint Venant-Kirchho material. We focus on strongly coupled, partitioned s...