Targeting TLR5 signaling in breast cancer represents a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, the underlying mechanism by which TLR5 signaling inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth has not been elucidated. In this study, we found TLR5 agonist flagellin inhibited the cell state of activation and induced autophagy, and reported that autophagy protein MAP1S regulated the fl...

Flagellin, the primary structural component of bacterial flagella, is recognized by Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) present on the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells. Utilizing biochemical assays of proinflammatory signaling pathways and mRNA expression profiling, we found that purified flagellin could recapitulate the human epithelial cell proinflammatory responses activated by fla...

Flagellin, the monomeric subunit of flagella, is an inducer of proinflammatory mediators. Bacterial flagellin genes have conserved domains (D1 and D2) at the N terminus and C terminus and a middle hypervariable domain (D3). To identify which domains induced proinflammatory activity, r6-histidine (6HIS)-tagged fusion constructs were generated from the Salmonella dublin (SD) fliC flagellin gene. ...

Neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor flagellin affected cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca](i)) in airway epithelial cell lines JME and Calu-3, but bacteria or flagellin activated NF-kappaB, IL-8 promoter, and IL-8 secretion. ATP (purinergic agonist) and thapsigargin (blocks Ca(2+) pump, releases endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+), and triggers Ca(2+) entry through plasma membrane channels) both incre...

PURPOSE Flagellin is the major structural protein of the flagella of Gram-negative bacteria and is a potent trigger of innate immune responses in a number of eukaryotic cells and organisms. In this study, we sought to determine whether flagellin induces an inflammation response in cultured human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and to determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Flagellin was p...

A gene encoding a flagellin protein of Campylobacter coli VC167 has been cloned and sequenced. The gene was identified in a pBR322 library by hybridization to a synthetic oligonucleotide probe corresponding to amino acids 4 to 9 of the N-terminal sequence obtained by direct chemical analysis (S. M. Logan, L. A. Harris, and T. J. Trust, J. Bacteriol. 169:5072-5077, 1987). The DNA was sequenced a...

The Cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) that serves as a major host-protective immunogen was used to develop recombinant vaccines for control of PCV2-associated diseases. Growing research data have demonstrated the high effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant for humoral and cellular immune responses. Here, a recombinant protein was designed by fusing a modified version of bacteri...

BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis patients and bronchial epithelial cells in asthma, plays a key role in allergic diseases. Information on triggers for the release of TSLP in keratinocytes is still limited. Keratinocytes express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, the ligand for which is flagellin, the major structural...

The discovery and therapeutic use of antibiotics made a major contribution to the reduction of human morbidity and mortality. However, the growing resistance to antibiotics has become a matter of huge concern. In this study we aimed to develop an innovative approach to treat bacterial infections utilizing two components: the human antibacterial peptide β-defensin-3 (BD3) and the bacterial prote...