background: post-operative nausea and vomiting (ponv) following surgical operations requiring general anesthesia are common and distressing. the incidence of ponv may be as high as 70% during the first 24 hrs of tonsillectomy.   objective: this study determines the effects of intraoperative well-hydration on postoperative nausea and vomiting.   methods: 90 asa i patients with age of 6-12 years ...

the patient with head trauma is a challenge for the emergency physician and for the neurosurgeon. currently traumatic brain injury constitutes a public health problem. knowledge of the various supportive therapeutic strategies in the pre-hospital and pre-operative stages is essential for optimal care. the immediate rapid infusion of large volumes of crystalloids to restore blood volume and bloo...

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following surgical operations requiring general anesthesia are common and distressing. The incidence of PONV may be as high as 70% during the first 24 hrs of tonsillectomy. Objective: This study determines the effects of intraoperative well-hydration on postoperative nausea and vomiting. Methods: 90 ASA I patients with age of 6-12 years  sch...

Fluid therapy is important for many medical conditions in veterinary patients. The assessment of patient history, chief complaint, physical exam findings, and indicated additional testing will determine the need for fluid therapy. Fluid selection is dictated by the patient's needs, including volume, rate, fluid composition required, and location the fluid is needed (e.g., interstitial versus in...