The immobilization of molecular catalysts imposes spatial constraints on their active site. We reveal that in bifunctional catalysis such can also be utilized as an appealing handle to boost intrinsic activity through judicious control the site geometry. To demonstrate this, we develop a pragmatic approach, based nonlinear scaling relationships, map arrangements acid–base components frustrated ...

In this paper‎, ‎two extended three-term conjugate gradient methods based on the Liu-Storey ({tt LS})‎ ‎conjugate gradient method are presented to solve unconstrained optimization problems‎. ‎A remarkable property of the proposed methods is that the search direction always satisfies‎ ‎the sufficient descent condition independent of line search method‎, ‎based on eigenvalue analysis‎. ‎The globa...

Beamforming methods are used extensively in a variety of different areas, where one of their main goals is to estimate the source signal amplitude s(t) from the array observations y(t) = s(t)a + i(t) + e(t), t = 1,2,..., where a is the steering vector, i(t) is the interference, and e(t) is a Gaussian noise vector [1, 2]. To estimate s(t), we may use a beamformer with weights w so that s(t) = w*...

‎based on an eigenvalue analysis‎, ‎a new proof for the sufficient‎ ‎descent property of the modified polak-ribière-polyak conjugate‎ ‎gradient method proposed by yu et al‎. ‎is presented‎.

BACKGROUND Myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE) is rarely found in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and its clinical features are not well described. We aimed to analyze MSE incidence, precipitating factors and clinical course by studying patients with JME from a large outpatient epilepsy clinic. METHODS We retrospectively screened all patients with JME treated at the Department of Neurology, ...

Ridge regression is often favored in the analysis of ill-conditioned systems. A canonical form identifies regions in the parameter space where Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is problematic. The objectives are two-fold: To reexamine the view that ill-conditioning necessarily degrades essentials of OLS; and to reassess ranges of the ridge parameter k where ridge is efficient in mean squared error (...

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract (MSE) and its active ingredient gnetin C (GC), a resveratrol dimer, have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of MSE and GC using human and murine tumor cell culture models in vitro. The antitumor activity of GC was compared with trans-resveratrol (tRV), a stilbenoid po...

We describe our participation in the Multilingual Summarization Evaluation 2005. We describe the Columbia summarizers that were used in our submission and discuss the evaluation, drawing conclusions about the performance of our summarizers, discussing the state of multilingual summarization in general and also listing issues that need consideration for future evaluations.

Sieve electrodes provide a chronic interface for stimulating peripheral nerve axons. Yet, successful utilization requires robust axonal regeneration through the implanted electrode. The present study determined the effect of large transit zones in enhancing axonal regeneration and revealed an intimate neural interface with an implanted sieve electrode. Fabrication of the polyimide sieve electro...