the main purpose of this article is to increase the efficiency of the least squares method in numerical solution of ill-posed functional and physical equations. determining the least squares of a given function in an arbitrary set is often an ill-posed problem. in this article, by defining artificial constraint and using lagrange multipliers method, the attempt is to turn -dimensional least squ...

Rationalized Haar functions are developed to approximate the solution of the nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations. The properties of rationalized Haar functions are first presented. These properties together with the Newton–Cotes nodes and Newton–Cotes integration method are then utilized to reduce the solution of Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations to the sol...

A new numerical method for solving the nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations is presented. This method is based upon hybrid functions approximation. The properties of hybrid functions consisting of block-pulse functions and Bernoulli polynomials are presented. The operational matrices of integration and product are given. These matrices are then utilized to reduce the nonlinear m...

this paper describes an approximating solution, based on lagrange interpolation and spline functions, to treat functional integral equations of fredholm type and volterra type. this method can be extended to functional dierential and integro-dierential equations. for showing eciency of the method we give some numerical examples.

in this paper, we use a combination of legendre and block-pulse functionson the interval [0; 1] to solve the nonlinear integral equation of the second kind.the nonlinear part of the integral equation is approximated by hybrid legen-dre block-pulse functions, and the nonlinear integral equation is reduced to asystem of nonlinear equations. we give some numerical examples. to showapplicability of...

In this study, a new application of Taylor expansion is considered to estimate the solution of Volterra-Fredholm integral equations (VFIEs) and systems of Volterra-Fredholm integral equations (SVFIEs). Our proposed method is based upon utilizing the nth-order Taylor polynomial of unknown function at an arbitrary point and employing integration method to convert VFIEs into a system of linear equ...

T The nonlinear and linear Volterra-Fredholm ordinary integral equations arise from various physical and biological models. The essential features of these models are of wide applicable. These models provide an important tool for modeling a numerous problems in engineering and science [6, 7]. Modelling of certain physical phenomena and engineering problems [8, 9, 10, 11, 12] leads to two-dimens...

Integral and integro-differential equations are one of the most useful mathematical tools in both pure and applied mathematics. In this article, we present a variational iteration method for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations. This study provides an analytical approximation to determine the behavior of the solution. To show the efficiency of the present method for our proble...

In this paper, a new collocation method, which is based on Boubaker polynomials, is introduced for the approximate solutions of a class of two-dimensional linear Fredholm integral equationsof the second kind. The properties of two-dimensional Boubaker functions are presented. The fundamental matrices of integration with the collocation points are utilized to reduce the solution of the integral ...

Orthogonal functions and polynomials have been used by many authors for solving various problems. The main idea of using orthogonal basis is that a problem reduces to solving a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations by truncated series of orthogonal basis functions for solution of problem and using the operational matrices. Here we use Legendre wavelets basis on interval [0, 1]. Some...