Large amounts of global sources of remote natural reserves gas are identified along with the main objective to allow energy contained in to be moved economically to the market. The current options that are adopted to export natural gas are basically two:1. To liquefy the gas and ship it as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). 2. To convert it to bulk petrochemicals in particular methanol or ammonia and...

Among agricultural products in Iran, pistachio is one of the major export products that can produce foreign currency. The present study evaluated factors affecting pistachio export earnings instability and its effect on agricultural export during the studied period. For this purpose, export earnings instability index was calculated using "average absolute difference between export earnings and ...

The production and consumption of natural gas is on the rise throughout the world as a result of its wide availability, ease of transportation, use and clean-burning characteristics. The chief use of ethane is in the chemical industry in the production of Ethene (ethylene) by steam cracking. In this simulation, obtained ethane recovery percent based on Gas sub-cooled process (GSP) is 99.9 by mo...

Since the 1990s the European Union’s biofuels policy has espoused several aims: energy security, greenhouse gas (GHG) savings, technology export and rural development. On these various grounds, by 2007 the EU was moving towards statutory targets, i.e. to mandate larger markets for ‘renewable energy’ including biofuels. However, controversy erupted over harmful environmental and social effects, ...

This paper addresses the question of whether the Bolivian gas boom of the 1990s has bypassed large parts of the poor population, thereby leading to increasing inequalities in an already unequal society. Using a Computable General Equilibrium model that is sequentially linked to a microsimulation model, we examine the transmission channels through which the large resource inflows related to the ...

With the recent shale gas boom, the U.S. is expected to have very large natural gas resources. In this respect, the key question is would it be better to rely completely on free market resource allocations which would lead to large exports of natural gas or to limit natural gas exports so that more could be used in the U.S.. After accounting for the cost of liquefying the natural gas and shippi...

Lateral export of carbon (C) from soils to running waters is a persistent pathway for C with terrestrial origin. This “aquatic conduit” might be especially important in boreal regions where a significant part of the global C stock is stored in the soil. Even though the awareness of the fate of terrestrially derived C is increasing in regional and global C budgets, the scarcity of data on the co...