background: calcium (ca+2) plays an important role in many biophysiological mechanisms .the present study was carried out to assess alterations in total serum calcium level before and after operations in consider to the type of anesthesia. materials and methods: this descriptive study was conducted on 74 women who candidate for gynecological abdominal operations during one year at al-zahra mate...

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is defined as a technique of general anaesthesia using a combination of agents given solely by the intravenous route and in the absence of inhalational agents. This article reviews the indications, advantages and disadvantages, principle, mode of administration, clinical techniques and drugs used for TIVA. Total intravenous anesthesia, or TIVA, can provide a...

Background: Local Anaesthesia is now being accepted universally as a safe alternative to general anaesthesia for thyroid surgery. Aim: This study was carried out to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing thyroid surgery under local and general anaesthesia. Material and Methods: Hundred patients who underwent thyroid surgery for benign and malignant diseases under local and general anaesthe...