Abstract Context Hyperglucagonaemia may develop in type 2 diabetes due to obesity-prone hepatic steatosis (glucagon resistance). Markers of glucagon resistance (including the glucagon-alanine index) improve following diet-induced weight loss, but partial contribution lowering versus body is unknown. Objective To investigate dependency loss a reduction on markers diabetes. Design and setting A p...

The glucagon receptor and the adenylyl cyclase system of human liver membranes were studied in six non-obese and six obese subjects who had elevated insulin and plasma glucagon levels. Analysis of specific glucagon binding by the method of Scatchard demonstrated a linear (monocomponent) plot with a dissociation constant of 2-3 nM, and the binding at low hormone concentrations was sensitive to g...

The major role of glucagon is to promote hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to raise blood glucose levels during hypoglycemic conditions. Several animal models have been established to examine the in vivo function of glucagon in the liver through attenuation of glucagon via glucagon receptor knockout animals and pharmacological interventions. To investigate the consequences of glucagon ...

PURPOSE In chicks, plus defocus retards eye growth, thickens the choroid, and activates glucagonergic amacrine cells, probably releasing glucagon. Glucagon receptor antagonists (expected to inhibit compensation to plus defocus) and agonists (expected to block myopia induction by form deprivation) were administered to eyes of chicks, to test the hypothesis that glucagon mediates the induction of...

Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 are the primary products of proglucagon processing from the pancreas and gut, respectively. Giving dual agonists with glucagon and GLP-1 activity to diabetic, obese mice causes enhanced weight loss and improves glucose tolerance by reduction of food intake and by increase in energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to observe the effect of a combination of gl...

Glucagon-like material has been detected by radioimmunoassay in several areas of the canine brain. High concentrations of glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI), measured with antibodies directed against the N-terminal region of glucagon, have been found in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and mesencephalon, but a high concentration of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), measured with antibodies directed a...

Milk-fed calves were used as a source of hepatocytes to establish monlayers to test the effects of chronic (41 h) incubation with no hormone, 100 nM insulin, or 100 nM glucagon on gluconeogenesis (glucose retained as glycogen plus glucose released into the medium) from 2.5 mM [2-(14)C]propionate and 2.0 mM [U-14C]lactate (1.0 mM lactate plus 1.0 mM pyruvate) during a subsequent 3-h (acute) incu...

Proglucagon is a polyprotein precursor containing not only glucagon and glicentin, but glucagon-like peptides-I and -II and an intervening peptide (IP-II). The glucagon gene is expressed in both pancreatic islets and neuroendocrine L-cells of the gastrointestinal tract. We have recently cloned an islet cell line from a rat pancreatic islet cell tumour that simultaneously expresses the glucagon,...

Glucagon, a major insulin counterregulatory hormone, binds to specific Gs protein-coupled receptors to activate glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic pathways, causing blood glucose levels to increase. Inappropriate increases in serum glucagon play a critical role in the development of insulin resistance and target organ damage in type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) glucagon induces ...

BACKGROUND Administration of small, intermittent doses of glucagon during closed-loop insulin delivery markedly reduces the frequency of hypoglycemia. However, in some cases, hypoglycemia occurs despite administration of glucagon in this setting. METHODS Fourteen adult subjects with type 1 diabetes participated in 22 closed-loop studies, duration 21.5±2.0 h. The majority of subjects completed...