background and purpose :cost-benefit equations is one of the most important by of gnp and a training a sustainable development as designated by professionals of occupational health .therefore ‚ drivers as a forgotten index in sustainable development and its effect on community health. methods & material : this descriptive analytical study involved the statistical community of 55000 vehicles in ...

background india’s economic growth rate in recent years has been fairly impressive. but, it has been consistently failing to make considerable progress in achieving health related millennium development goal (mdg) targets. lack of coherence between provisions and utilization becomes the face of the problem. inadequacies in outreach, access and affordability coupled with escalating healthcare co...

In responses to Norheim’s editorial, this commentary offers reflections from Thailand, how the five unacceptable trade-offs were applied to the universal health coverage (UHC) reforms between 1975 and 2002 when the whole 64 million people were covered by one of the three public health insurance systems. This commentary aims to generate global discussions on how best UHC can be gradually achieve...

Advocates of health system reform are striving to assure that a valuable new benefit for home- and community-based long-term care is included. Yet in many legislative proposals, a long-term care benefit is kept separate from the rest of the benefit package. Experience from the social health maintenance organization (social HMO) demonstration shows that for the elderly at least, community long-t...

Kenya has made progress towards universal health coverage as evidenced in the various policy initiatives and reforms that have been implemented in the country since independence. The purpose of this analysis was to critically review the various initiatives that the government of Kenya has over the years initiated towards the realization of Universal Health Care (UHC) and how this has impacted o...

Public health related decisions often have to balance the cost of intervention strategies with the benefit of the reduction in disease burden. While the cost can often be inferred, forward modelling of the effect of different intervention options is complicated and disease specific. Here we introduce a package that is aimed to simplify this process. The package allows one to infer parameters us...

Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in a health maintenance organization (HMO) were randomized to a preventive services benefit package for 2 years or to usual care. At 24- and 48-month follow-ups, the treatment group had completed more advance directives, participated in more exercise, and consumed less dietary fat than the control group. Unexpectedly, more deaths occurred in the treatment group. ...

INTRODUCTION There are significant financial barriers to access treatment for multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in India. To address these challenges, Chhattisgarh state in India has established a MDR-TB financial protection policy by creating MDR-TB benefit packages as part of the universal health insurance scheme that the state has rolled out in their effort towards attaining Univers...