The earliest use of geographical information systems (GIS) in medicine possibly goes back to 1854, when John Snow mapped the outbreak of cholera in London and successfully traced the source of the disease. Years have now passed and the term ‘Geographic Information Systems’ was added to the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of US National Library of Medicine – MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) – in ...

Background Between 1990 and 2015, under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) declined by 53%, from an estimated rate of 91 deaths per 1000 live births to 43, globally. The aim of this study was to determine the share of health research systems in this decrease alongside other influential factors.   Methods We used random effect regression models including the ‘random intercept’ and ‘random intercept and ran...