the most common congenital diseases in children is congenital heart disease. factors such as environment, genetic, old maternal age during pregnancy, maternal disease and using medicine in pregnancy, prematuritiy, and specific seasons are significant in the prevalence of disease.materials and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the status of children with congenital he...

tions of the past. It is a pity, for example, that Broadbent's clinical division of mitral stenosis into 3 stages is not preserved. It is shown in this volume that the supervention of auricular fibrillation is one of the secrets, the solving of which has aided the explanation of the changes which occur from time to time in the physical signs of this disease. The book contains a chapter by A. J....

Patients who have valvular heart disease coming for surgery present many challenges to the anesthesiologist. Over the past 3 decades there has been a persistent improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of valvular heart disease and in the surgical techniques for correcting it. With the development of efficient and safe noninvasive monitoring of cardiac function, new surgical tech...