Doris Lessing, the Persian-born, African-raised and London-residing novelist enjoys a writing career which has spanned more than 50 years. Critics have labeled her as Marxist, feminist, Sufist and even psycho-analyst. It is my contention to prove that latent Sufi characteristics are inherent in her works, and this premise marks a difference between my study and other research on Lessing. To pro...

this article is an investigation into the nature of the sufi metaphysics of gadr ad-dìn qinawì and his followers. in contrast to previous scholars, who have considered qinawì to be dismissive of philosophy in a way similar to ghazålì, the author shows that in fact philosophical metaphysics, and in particular the formulations of ibn sìnå, had a great impact on qinawì and his followers in the sch...

This paper aims to present Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of Christianity as a Western example that reconfirms the necessity for man’s inner development up to the stage of the Completest Self (nafs-i safiyya). With the advent of Christianity and the resultant triumph of its “morality of slave” (1886, sec. 260), the “death of God” (1882) becomes the “fundamental event of Western history” and its...