suns. The extension of the Andromeda nebula beyond the photographic limits is presumably typical of what may be found for other such objects. Comparisons with the surface brightness of the galaxy are still hampered by uncertainties in the data for our own system. There may be no part of the galaxy which, seen from outside, would be as bright as the central portion of M 31. In the latter system ...

Intergenomic translocations between wheat, Hordeum chilense and Hordeum vulgare have been obtained in tritordeum background. Advanced lines from the crosses between three disomic chromosome addition lines for chromosome 2Hv, 3Hv, and 4Hv of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and hexaploid tritordeum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBHchHch) were analyzed. Multicolor FISH usi...

Polyploidization is a major mechanism of speciation in plants. Within the barley genus Hordeum, approximately half of the taxa are polyploids. While for diploid species a good hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships exists, there is little information available for the polyploids (4×, 6×) of Hordeum. Relationships among all 33 diploid and polyploid Hordeum species were analyzed with the low-co...

the management of machine replacement (specifically tractors) is one of the most critical factors for performing field operations on time. therefore, tractor repair and maintenance costs must be accurately predicted. this research was carried out to evaluate the use of the regression technique in predicting tractor repair and maintenance costs. the study was conducted using empirical data on 60...

The experiment was conducted under a controlled environment to study the effects of different temperature regimes (15/10°C,20/15°C, and 25/20°C day/night) and sowing depths (0, 2, 4, and 6 cm) on the seedling emergence and early growth (height gain) of wheat (cv. Marvdasht) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum).The cumulative emergence and plant height gain over time were modeled with the use of...

The origin of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L.