conclusions despite implementation of community-level harm reduction strategies in iran, infectious complications due to illicit drug use are frequent and often require care at the hospital. introducing harm reductions services at an inpatient level may improve the quality of care provided and help reduce the burden of accrue from drug use. background infectious complications among injection dr...

aims: the internal unit and icu of hospitals are a suitable environment for growing of bacteria such as staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas and acinetobacters. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using disinfectants on bacterial remove in isfahan city, iran, hospitals. instrument & methods: this descriptive study was performed in isfahan city, iran, hospitals in 2015. 200 ...

objective: the lack of adequate recognition of health importance of non-hiv reproductive health infections (rhis) in nigeria has led into this study, which was to determine clinical pathogens in non-hiv rhi in nigeria using a tertiary health facility as case study. materials and methods: a nine-year investigation was carried out between 1997 and 2005 on 4047 (n = 1626 males; n = 2421 females) p...

Abstract Donkeys have been used as working animals for transport and farm activities worldwide. Recently, in European countries, there has an increasing interest donkeys due to their use pets, onotherapy or milk production. During 2014–2016, a countrywide survey was conducted determine prevalence risk factors of principal helminth infections 1775 77 Italian farms. A questionnaire on management ...

Despite advancements in prevention measures, infectious mastitis is a common disease of economic significance cattle. Clinical affects 20 to 25% cows each year. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes an estimated 10-11.7% clinical bovine cases the US. Antibiotic therapy tends fail 50% time and nature vaccine immunity usually fails, due S. aureus’ evasion mechanisms, leading significant morbid...

Several interesting new vaccine-related studies were presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections this year. Transmitted viruses appear to be derived from cell-free virus rather than cell-associated virus, at least in men who have sex with men. Follow-up studies from the Step (HIV Vaccine Trials Network 502) trial indicated that if individuals mounted certain va...

[b]Abstract Introduction[/b]. Among free-living amoebae that are widely distributed in nature only four genera/species are known as agents of human infections:[i] Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleriafowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris[/i] and[i] Sappiniapedata[/i]. These amoebae are not well adapted to parasitism, and could exist in the human environment without the need for a host. Infections due to thes...