The peptide bonds preceding Pro 93 and Pro I14 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) are in the cis conformation. The trans-to-cis isomerization of these bonds had been indicted as the slow step during protein folding. Here, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace Pro 93 or Pro 114 with a glycine residue, and the crystalline structure of the P93G variant was determined by X-ray di...

The peptide bonds preceding Pro 93 and Pro I14 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) are in the cis conformation. The trans-to-cis isomerization of these bonds had been indicted as the slow step during protein folding. Here, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace Pro 93 or Pro 114 with a glycine residue, and the crystalline structure of the P93G variant was determined by X-ray di...

Poverty and Transitions in Health Using a sample of Europeans aged 50+ from twelve countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) we analyse the role of poor material conditions as a determinant of changes in health over a four-year period. We find that poverty defined with respect to relative incomes has no effect on changes in health. However, broader measures of p...

This paper measures the relationship between food access and households’ food adult insecurity using two years of Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement data, matched with MSA-level data on different food outlets (small grocery stores and convenience stores, medium and large grocery stores, convenience stores associated with gas stations and Wal-Mart Supercenters). Endogeneity of ...

Kremer and Snyder (2015) show that demand curves for a preventive and treatment may have different shapes though they target the same disease, biasing the pharmaceutical manufacturer toward developing the lucrative rather than the socially desirable product. This paper tightens the theoretical bounds on the potential deadweight loss from such biases. Using a calibration of the global demand for...

Education, Health and Wages This paper develops and estimates a model with multiple schooling choices that identifies the causal effect of different levels of schooling on health, health-related behaviors, and labor market outcomes. We develop an approach that is a halfway house between a reduced form treatment effect model and a fully formulated dynamic discrete choice model. It is computation...

We studied the effects ofIL4 on the spontaneous proliferation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) cells in vitro. ILA (100 U/ml) suppressed the spontaneous DNA synthesis by 50% in 5 of 8 cases examined. 1L4 (100 U/ml) also inhibited the spontaneous colony formation by CMMoL cells in a methylceliulose culture by 50-97% in all of the 10 cases in which spontaneous colonies were formed. This...

This paper examines the underlying economic and socio-demographic determinants of child nutritional status in Egypt using data from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey. The Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) is used as a measurement of child growth assessment. We contribute to the extant literature by using a quantile regression model to allow for a heterogeneous effect of each determinant along d...

Evidence suggests that excise taxes on tobacco improve fetal health. It remains unknown if smoke exposure causes lasting harm to children. I find that a one dollar increase in the state cigarette excise tax causes a 10% decrease in sick days from school, and a 4.5% decrease in the likelihood of having two or more doctor visits in the past 12 months. I find suggestive evidence for decreases in e...

Because ICD-10 can be a distressing topic, let’s start with some good news: Hypertension has a limited number of ICD-10 codes – only nine codes for primary hypertension and five codes for secondary hypertension. This makes the task of coding hypertension relatively simple – well, at least compared to some of the other ICD-10 complexities. Another positive change in ICD-10 is that the new code s...