Anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) develop in up to a third of patients treated with biologic agents, with such immunogenicity being one of the main reasons for the loss of efficacy observed in an important proportion of patients treated with such agents. The appearance of ADAbs has consequences in terms of efficacy and tolerance of the biodrug: the development of ADAbs is associated with a poorer cl...

Gluten-related diseases are a range of inflammatory disorders of the small intestine, characterized by an adverse response to gluten ingestion; therefore, the treatment is a gluten withdrawal. In spite of the increased market of gluten-free products, widely available breads with high acceptability are still missing due to the technological challenge of substituting the special gluten properties...

BACKGROUND Ferrets have long been used as a disease model for the study of influenza vaccines, but a more recent use has been for the study of human monoclonal antibodies directed against influenza viruses. Published data suggest that human antibodies are cleared unusually quickly from the ferret and that immune responses may be partially responsible. This immunogenicity increases variability w...

Blood group antigen immunogenicity is a crucial factor in red blood cell alloimmunization. Previous calculated estimates of immunogenicity suffered from several key shortcomings. To address these issues we have (1) introduced a correction factor for antibody persistence rates into traditional immunogenicity calculations, (2) calculated immunogenicities only in men to eliminate pregnancy-related...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) produces lifelong immunity, but duration of post-vaccination immunity has not been established. The purpose of this study is to determine if a difference exists in the long-term seropositivity of anti-VZV antibodies in a cohort of young adults who were vaccinated against varicella as compared to a similar cohort with a history of...

 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is a major public health problem throught the world.The WHO strategy for effective control of HBV infection is vaccination with the surface antigen of virus(HBsAg).The results obtained from a large number of studies demonstrated that the vaccine induces a protective antibody resonse (anti-HB...