A person's belief about whether intelligence can change (called their implicit theory of intelligence) predicts something about that person's thinking and behavior. People who believe intelligence is fixed (called entity theorists) attribute failure to traits (i.e., "I failed the test because I'm not smart.") and tend to be less motivated in school; those who believe intelligence is malleable (...

Synopsis Artiicial intelligence, on the one hand, and behavioral and social science on the other, are inextricably related because the ability to coordinate in multiagent environments is fundamental to intelligence. Distributed artiicial intelligence (DAI) has used several diierent social metaphors as the basis for building computational theories of intelligent coordination, with signiicant suc...

Because of the importance of students’ and teachers’ implicit beliefs about intelligence, we designed a study to determine: (a) How is intelligence defined—as a malleable or fixed entity—in introductory educational psychology textbooks? and (b) To what extent are classroom applications of intelligence topics included in the textbooks? We conducted a content analysis of the intelligence topics p...

Implicit theories can influence learning behavior, the approaches individuals take to learning and performance situations, and the learning goals individuals set, as well as, indirectly, their accomplishments, intelligence, and creativity. For this cross-cultural study, Kenyan and German students were asked to draw a creative person and rate it on a number of attributes. The data indicated cons...