monetary compensation for human eggs used in research is a controversial issue and raises major concerns about women’s health and rights, including the potential of exploitation and undue inducement. human eggs are needed for various types of studies and without payment, it would be impossible to procure sufficient eggs for vital research. therefore, a solution seems necessary to prevent exploi...

background: in modern biomedicine, there is an increasing speed of development of new ideas and technologies and, consequently, increasing speed of new applicable knowledge. the rapid advances in medicine and biotechnology during recent decades, is accompanied with important discussions about new questions and dilemmas in the field of professional ethics. the increased recognition of ethical pr...

Extensive United States combat operations commenced for the first time in over decade in 2003. Early in 2004 there was no human research protection regulatory review and approval mechanism based in a deployed military combatant command. The absence of such a system presented a critical impediment to implementation of the time-honored tradition of a robust combat casualty care research effort. A...

Species-specific effects of elevated ozone on wetland plants and decomposition processes. The NERC and CEH trade marks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.

food allergies are common health problem among children. they carry a significant risk of severe allergic reactions. these disorders are chronic conditions in which the immune system becomes hypersensitive to some food products. it is estimated that 8% of children under the age of three have a type of food allergy. the common allergenic foods include cow’s milk, wheat, peanuts, egg, soy and fis...

Por otro lado, la capacitación es otro aspecto que debe de considerarse, en ese sentido, el Reglamento de tengan en ética en investigación y uno de sus miembros debe tener capacitación en bioética El costo de la capacitación es un tema que no ha sido cuenta que el trabajo que realizan los miembros de los exige no solo es de tres a cuatro horas de sesión que se hace como parte de la carga labora...

OBJECTIVE To assess the state of national health research systems of countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. DESIGN A questionnaire-based survey METHODS: Structured questionnaires were used to solicit health research systems' relevant information from key informants in each country. SETTING Forty-six Member States of the WHO African Region. PARTICIPANTS Key inform...

Large C and C++ softwa¡e projects typically share common types, macros, and variables among modules via include files organized into hierarchies. Many of these hierarchies grow so complex that it is haed for programmers to figure out when a file must be included. Since including unused symbols is usually harmless, application code tends to include more files than required. Knowing when ñles are...

We present a stochastic Petri net model of a replicated file system in a distributed environment where replicated files reside on different hosts and a voting algorithm is used to maintain consistency. Witnesses, which simply record the status of the file but contain no data, may be used in addition to or in place of files to reduce overhead. We present a model sufficiently detailed to include ...

A modularization is a partitioning of a software system into components based on a variety of criteria, each depending on the clustering approach and desired level of abstraction. Source-header dependency graphs are bipartite graphs that are formed by flattening include file dependencies and enumerating source file to header file dependencies. In this paper, we describe an approach for identify...