Abstract Rapid advancement over the past decades in nanomanufacturing has led to realization of a broad range nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanowires. The unique mechanical, chemical, electrical properties these have made them increasingly desired key components industrial commercial applications. As geometric dimension nano-manufactured products is on sub-micron nanomete...

BACKGROUND/AIM The tibial slope is one of the most frequently cited anatomical causes of anterior cruciate ligament trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of direct measuring of the tibial slope of the knee without prior soft tissue dissection in cadavers. METHODS Measurement was performed on the two groups of samples: osteological and cadaveric. The osteological group...

Purpose: To compare the reproducibility of measurement of oxygen uptake made using the reverse Fick and indirect calorimetry methods. Methods: A custom designed system was constructed for the measurement of oxygen uptake from an anaesthetic breathing system using indirect calorimetry based on the Haldane transformation. In a series of 42 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery in the pre-ca...

Some methods for direct measurement of subglottal pressure during speech are invasive and thus cannot be used on a routine basis. The development of noninvasive techniques is thus desirable, and a simple indirect method for measuring subglottal pressure from records of oral pressure during consonants has recently been proposed and applied to studies of glottal resistance during phonation. In or...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective method for analysing haemoglobin concentrations in large surveys in remote areas, and to compare two methods (indirect cyanmethaemoglobin and HemoCue) with the conventional method (direct cyanmethaemoglobin). METHODS Samples of venous and capillary blood from 121 mothers in Indonesia were compared using all three methods. FINDINGS When the indirect ...

Direct measurement of building ventilation rate in livestock housing is a formidable task due to uncontrollable variations in fan and system performance that are caused by factors such as building static pressure, fan belt slippage, and dust accumulation on shutters and blades. Estimating building ventilation rate by an indirect method based on a CO2 balance offers a potentially viable alternat...

BACKGROUND Trials of interventions for PPH prevention and treatment rely on different measurement methods for the quantification of blood loss and identification of PPH. This study's objective was to compare measures of blood loss obtained from two different measurement protocols frequently used in studies. METHODS Nine hundred women presenting for vaginal delivery were randomized to a direct...

BACKGROUND To investigate whether the compartment pressure of the rectus sheath (CPRS) reflects the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) under various conditions of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in a pig model. METHODS DESIGN Prospective experimental study with in vivo pressure measurements. SETTING Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland. ANIMALS Seven d...