Historic contexts remind us of an era when cities were built based on the needs, goals, and preferences of their inhabitants. In other words, the mental world of both the builders and the inhabitants was closely interrelated. But by ignoring citizens' memories and interests and their mental needs, today's interventions with rapid developments within historic contexts have led to amnesia and the...

Aim: Recto-vaginal fistulae are distressing. They are most commonly caused by obstetric injury, a failed pelvic anastomosis, or Crohn’s disease. Biological infill materials have been used in their management. We assessed the efficacy of biological infill materials when recto-vaginal fistulae. Methods: We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) gui...

the present study is concerned with the simultaneous optimization of the size of components and the arrangement of connections for performance-based seismic design of low-rise spsws. design variables include the size of beams and columns, the thickness of the infill panels, the type of each beam-to-column connection and the type of each infill-to-boundary frame connection. the objective functio...

Kriging-based optimization methods are of great interest for aerodynamic design optimization where high-fidelity thus timeconsuming computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used. In the framework of kriging-based optimization, a core technique called sampling infill criteria (also called adaptive sampling) is used both to search the design space and to refine the surrogate models. Among all the i...

BACKGROUND Football turf is increasingly used in European soccer competition. Little is known on the rotational torque that players experience on these fields. High rotational torques between the shoe outsole and the sports surface has been correlated with torsional injuries of the lower limb and knee. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of six parameters that could influence the rotational torque...

This paper discusses the preservation of heritage in Hong Kong using the case study of the redevelopment of Kai Tak Airport and Runway 13. Kai Tak Airport was closed in 1998, and the Urban Redevelopment Authority launched a series of consultations to give the community the opportunity to participate in the redevelopment of the area. This paper discusses the process of consultation organized by ...

Abstract: Masonry infill is considered as a non-structural element in all type of buildings where masonry use. But, masonry infill walls are mainly used to increase initial stiffness and strength of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. This Open First storey is also termed as “Soft Storey”. The upper storeys have brick infilled wall panels with various opening percentage in it. In many cit...

This paper introduces a new method of calculating the expected improvement infill criterion, which does not rely on accurate model parameter estimation. The parameter estimation is embedded within the search of the infill criterion, wherein parameter changes are assessed using likelihood ratio tests. Unlike the traditional expected improvement, a new formulation we present cannot be ‘fooled’ by...