Erysipelas (cellulitis/lymphangitis) is a superficial cutaneous infection spread by the lymphatic system which may result in permanent injury to the lymphatic vessels. The study evaluated the lymphatic drainage in the lower limbs of 30 patients with at least two episodes of erysipelas by means of lymphoscintigraphy. Twenty-two (73%) were female and 8 (27%) were male with ages ranging from 26 to...

Gross anatomy of the fetlock joint of the seven male adult onehumped camels were studied. In present study, the tendinous middle interosseous muscle, interdigital intersesamoid and straight sesamoid ligaments were observed. However, there was no proximal interdigital ligament. In conclusion, we found that the gross anatomy of the ligaments in one-humped camel fetlock joint share remarkable simi...

Diabetic foot infections are one of the most dreadful and costly complications of diabetes. Efforts have recently focused on preventive measures. The balance of moisture in the neuropathic foot is critical and challenging. Whilst the interdigital areas should be kept dry to prevent maceration and subsequent softening and thinning of the skin other areas of the foot should be managed for optimal...

Use of electron-beam induced crosslinking to pattern films of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (MPNs) onto a chemiresistor (CR) sensor array is described. Each of the four CRs comprises a 100 µm(2) set of interdigital electrodes (IDEs) with 100 nm widths and spaces, separated from adjacent devices by 4 µm. Films of four MPNs, each with a different thiolate monolayer, were successively pat...

A simple and compact 4.9 GHz bandpass filter for C-band applications is proposed. This paper presents a novel microstrip cross-coupled interdigital half-wavelength stepped impedance resonator (SIR) based bandpass filter (BPF).The designed structure is similar to that of a combination of two parallel interdigital capacitors. The scattering parameters of the structure are measured using vector ne...

Available microwave notch-type damage detection sensors are typically based on monitoring frequency shift or magnitude changes. However, frequency shift testing needs sweep-frequency data that make scanning detection becomes difficult and time-consuming. This work presents a microwave near-field nondestructive testing sensor for detecting sub-millimeter notch-type damage detection in metallic s...

There is recent evidence showing that in addition to the well-known mesenchymal necrotic mechanism involved in the disappearance of the interdigital membranes, the ectodermal tissue may also play an active role in the formation of the free digits of most vertebrates. Ultrastructural study of the regressing interdigital membrane of the chick leg revealed significant changes at the epitheliomesen...

Sir, I was not surprised that Dr Flytström and co-workers failed to cultivate Candida in the intertriginous areas of psoriatics (1). As I showed, over 30 years ago, Candida acts as a primer and disappears when Gram-negative bacteria come along to replace it (2). This does not mean that the yeast is unable to do harm to the skin. Once applied on the folding skin where occlusion is provided, it p...

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays an integral role in both the anterior-posterior (A-P) patterning and expansion of developing vertebrate limbs through a feedback loop involving Fgfs, Bmps, and Gremlin. In bat limbs A-P patterning and the size of the digital field are unique. The posterior digits of the forelimb are elongated and joined by tissue, whereas the thumb is short. The hindlimb digits often ...