UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an inverse association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and atopy among children living in rural and semi urban areas in El Behira governorate, Egypt. METHODS All the studied children were BCG vaccinated in their newborn period. In Tuberculin testing, indurations greater than or equal to 5 mm were accepted as posi...

BACKGROUND Delayed-onset urticarial or maculopapular rashes are frequently observed in children treated with β-lactams. Many are labeled "allergic" without reliable testing. OBJECTIVE Determine the etiology of these rashes by exploring both infectious and allergic causes. METHODS Children presenting to the emergency department with delayed-onset urticarial or maculopapular rashes were enrol...

We investigated a spinal site for opioid modulation of itch-related scratching behavior in rats. Intradermal 5-HT (2%, 10 microl) elicited intermittent bouts of hindlimb scratching directed toward the injection site (nape of neck) beginning within minutes and lasting >1 hr. 5-HT-evoked scratching was significantly reduced by systemic administration of the opiate antagonist naltrexone but was no...

Intradermal administration of naked DNA with a conventional needle syringe is simple and inexpensive method to expose an encoded antigen the dermal immune system. We aimed enhance intradermal gene expression pyro-drive jet injector using pig skin, which similar in structure biomechanical properties human skin. When Cy3-labeled plasmid (pCy3) was applied skin injector, pCy3 distributed preferent...

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous immunotherapy with high dose grass pollen (typically microgram quantities) was first described over 100 years ago. This treatment suppresses allergen-induced cutaneous late responses, with lesser effects on early responses. We previously reported that repeated 2-weekly intradermal injections of grass pollen - containing approximately 7 ng of major allergen Phl p 5 - led ...

sentinel lymph node is the first regional lymph node that drains the lymph from the primary tumor. it is potentially the first nodeto receive the seeding of lymph‑borne metastatic cells. this study aimed to discuss lymphoscintigraphy procedural guidelines fordetection of sentinel node using tc‑phytate in isfahan, iran. moreover, the preliminary results of the first year’s clinical experience of...

BACKGROUND Imiquimod, a synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 agonist enhanced immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in a mouse model. We hypothesized that topical imiquimod before intradermal influenza vaccination (TIV) would produce similar effect in human. METHODS We performed a prospective 1-year follow-up, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial with adults with comorbidities. Participants wer...

BACKGROUND BCG vaccination using the multipuncture device (the Heaf gun) is recommended in the UK for infants and very small children only. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of conversion of the tuberculin test, the safety and acceptability of BCG vaccination using the multipuncture device and to compare it with the conventional intradermal method in schoolchildren. METHODS Sc...

Oral immunization of healthy adults with 10(7) CFU BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro was well tolerated and significantly boosted gamma interferon responses to purified protein derivative, Ag85, and MPB70 from previous childhood intradermal BCG immunization. Oral BCG offers the possibility of a needle-free tuberculosis vaccine and of boosting the protective immunity from intradermal tuberculosis vaccines.