INTRODUCTION Present and future world shortages and increasing petroleum costs have stimulated the search for alternate renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum app.) have high potential as a feedstock for conversion to alcohol as a practical renewable energy source. Sugarbeets have many desirable characteristics such as: storage of 40 to...

Being sustainable and producing little waste products, the renewable energy knows a rapid deployment. Unfortunately, the intermittent characteristic of these energies makes them difficult to control. The influence of this aleatory character can be reduced with the coupling of two or more sources of renewable energy and secondly with a sound management of storage systems. This new configuration ...

This paper presents a formulation of unit commitment for thermal units integrated with wind and solar energy systems and electrical vehicles with emphasizing on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP). The renewable energy resources are included in this model due to their low electricity cost and positive effect on environment. As well as, coordinated charging strategy of electrical vehicle...

The introduction of photovoltaic and wind turbine generation systems has been accelerating around the world, and the case for using renewable energy remains strong. However, because of the intermittency of the renewable sources, the power generation level, or capacity factor, of these renewable energy systems is relatively low and the generation level is not fixed. Generation capacity with thes...

Environmental concerns dominate the world scene in the XXI century. The petroleum and its derivatives are a major contributor to the non-renewable sources of energy. However, there are forecasts that in a time near the main sources of petroleum may exhaust. Thus, the search for alternative sources of energy, beside environmental necessity is essential to ensure the well being of all. The minera...

Faced with the increasingly serious energy and environmental crisis in the world nowadays, the development of renewable energy has attracted increasingly more attention of all countries. Solar energy as an abundant and cheap energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. While high-performance solar cells have been well developed in the last couple of decades, the high module cos...

High costs, unreliable resources for long term use and extensive negative impact on our environment are such problems associated with traditional sources of energy and fossil fuels which make us move toward implementation of renewable sources of energy. Fossil fuel pollution and reserve depletion in oil producing countries caused by increasing demands, make wind energy an attractive source of e...