Ghost surgery occurs when a physician assistant, a surgical assistant, an RN first assistant, a resident, or another surgeon assists on or performs an operative or other invasive procedure without the patient's knowledge, regardless of whether the surgeon who obtained the consent was scrubbed in or not. This practice denies patients important information, eliminates their ability to provide inf...

The minimally invasive Nuss procedure has become the standard of care for surgical correction of pectus excavatum. Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital deformity of the chest wall. Historically, surgical correction was limited to the Ravitch procedure, an invasive procedure associated with significant drawbacks, where abnormal cartilage was removed and the sternum elevated and stabili...

_______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract — Until now the efficient identification of unknown CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) has attracted a lot of interest. In particular, different invasive and non-invasive strategies have been developed for IC identification. However, invasive procedures always lead to the destruction of device under test. The n...

Background and Purpose: In some patients, invasive radiology procedures by using anesthetics and contrast may lead to certain reaction. Therefore, consent must be obtained from patients. At the moment, some radiology centers obtain the consent from the patient in some of invasive radiology procedures in Iran. Due to the importance of consent and its position in patients' ethics, and because of ...