Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu's informal settlements that hinder provision and upt...

Internationally, settlement informality (informal housing and informal settlements) is increasing, not decreasing. Thus, according to United Nations estimates, there are currently 924 million people living in various forms of slums and unauthorized or informal settlements (UN Habitat, 2003, p2). In Sub-Saharan Africa 71,9% of urban dwellers lived in slums (ibid). In South Africa, official gover...

Characterizing and understanding social-ecological systems (SESs) is increasingly necessary to answer questions about the development of sustainable human settlements. To date, much of the literature on SES analysis has focused on “neat” systems involving a single type of resource, a group of users, and a governance system. While these studies provide valuable and specific insights, they are of...

Thessaly is a low relief region in Greece where hundreds of Neolithic settlements/tells called magoules were established from the Early Neolithic period until the Bronze Age (6,000 - 3,000 BC). Multi-sensor remote sensing was applied to the study area in order to evaluate its potential to detect Neolithic settlements. Hundreds of sites were geo-referenced through systematic GPS surveying throug...

Technology and business models share a common evolution within the Internet. To enable deployment of the technology within a service environment there is also the need to create a robust and stable business model. This tied destiny of technology and business factors is perhaps most apparent within the area of the interconnection of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Here there is both an intera...

Migration is an act of geographical displacement human communities due to religious, economic, political, social and other reasons. through illegal means without a specific systematic called irregular migration. As Turkey seen as destination country by immigrants, it has also been used transit providing developed European countries in recent years. In this study, the socio-economic impacts migr...

In this paper we present a new diagonal balancing technique for regular matrix pencils λB − A, which aims at reducing the sensitivity of the corresponding generalized eigenvalues. It is inspired from the balancing technique of a square matrix A and has a comparable complexity. Upon convergence, the diagonally scaled pencil has row and column norms that are balanced in a precise sense. We also s...

Cities in developing countries are expanding at a tremendous rate and informal settlements (where 40 to 80% of city dwellers live) occur in unplanned urban areas. In planned cities in developed countries, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and cellular automata (CA) are favourable tools for modelling urban dynamics. This paper discusses the growth of informal settlements, describes the tools ...