This study aims investigate the short- and long-run causal relationship between foreign trade economic growth in Libya over period of 1990 - 2017. employs Johansen co-integration test, error correction model (VECM), Wald test to meet objective study. The variables utilised this are gross domestic product (GDP) rate, exports imports; data is extracted from various sources such as Libyan Central ...

Determining the co-integrating rank of a system of variables has become a fundamental aspect of applied research in macroeconomics and nance. It is wellknown that standard asymptotic likelihood ratio tests for co-integration rank of Johansen (1996) can be unreliable in small samples with empirical rejection frequencies often very much in excess of the nominal level. As a consequence, bootstrap ...

Recent studies on air-breathing fish have shown that different species are adapted in varying degrees for gaseous exchange in both water and air. In the lungfishes these differences are correlated with different degrees of development of the gills, the efficiency of the lung in gas exchange, and the respiratory properties of the blood (Lenfant, Johansen & Grigg, 1966; Johansen & Lenfant, 1967, ...

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

The relationship between exports, imports and economic growth of Ethiopia has been investigated in this paper for the period 1981-2018 by using annual data from World Bank. For analysis, Vector Auto Regressive Model, Johansen co-integration analysis Granger-Causality tests were implemented. outcome reveals that there is no relation Ethiopia. Conversely, we found a strong evidence bidirectional ...

The purpose of this study is to review emerging capital market institutions that are considered as ‘collective investment undertakings’ under Turkish Capital Market Law: Mutual funds, pension real estate funds and venture funds. In paper, data retrieved from official website Board. With ‘VAR’ ‘Johansen Co-Integration analysis’ with ‘Vector-Error-Correction Model’, the impact FX rates on net ass...

This paper reviews the long-term impact of public investments on irrigation and agricultural research development along with other control variables, including physical capital, irrigated area, fertilizer consumption, level mechanization, CO2 emissions China’s output from 1986 to 2017. study applied various econometric methods such as ARDL bound-testing approach Johansen co-integration procedur...

This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology and foreign direct investment, with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis we use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economics development for the period 1976-1999. The results of unit roots and Johansen co-integration te...