microscopy; kainic acid, (KA); lithium-pilocarpine, (LiPC); HS, hippocampal sclerosis; GABA, Gamma-aminobutyric acid; CNS, central nervous system; GER, granuler endoplasmic reticulum= rER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; DNA, deoksiribonucleic acid; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SE, status epilepticus; CA1, cornu ammons 1; CA2, cornu ammons 2; CA3, cornu ammons 3; GD, gyrus dentatus; DGC, dentate granule...

In this study we have found that L-glutamic acid, as well as being taken up by a Na+-dependent mechanism, will stimulate the uptake of 22Na+ by primary astrocyte cultures from rat brain in the presence of ouabain. By simultaneously measuring the uptake of 22Na+ and L-3H-glutamate a stoichiometry of 2-3 Na+ per glutamate was measured, implying electrogenic uptake. Increasing the medium K+ concen...

Picolinic acid, a pyridine monocarboxylic acid derived from tryptophan metabolism by the kynurenine pathway, was shown to block cortical cholinergic neurotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN), a pyridine dicarboxylic acid yielded by the same pathway. This study examined the specificity of the anti-toxic effect of picolinic acid by comparing its effect with several structurally related mono...

Two anionic fluorescein derivatives can be used for the simple and definitive localization of neuronal degeneration in brain tissue sections. Initial work on the first generation fluorochrome, Fluoro-Jade, demonstrated the utility of this compound for the detection of neuronal degeneration induced by a variety of well-characterized neurotoxicants, including kainic acid, 3-nitropropionic acid, i...

A variety of glutamate and aspartate analogues were used to characterize the excitatory amino acid receptors in the mudpuppy retina. This approach revealed two general classes of receptors which were represented by the agonists kainic acid and N-methyl aspartic acid. Kainic acid was found to be a potent photoreceptor transmitter agonist on all three types of second-order neurons, and it was a p...

BACKGROUND Propolis has been proposed to be protective on neurodegenerative disorders. To understand the neuroprotective effects of honeybee propolis, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in different brain regions-cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB) and brain stem (BS) of rats su...

Background and Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder with spontaneous recurrent seizures and abnormal intracranial waves. Since the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence of epilepsy is inevitable, it seems that the use of antioxidants can prevent some of the complications resulting from this disease. This study was designed to assess the protective effe...