The estimation of leak and break frequencies in piping systems is part of the probabilistic safety assessment of technical plants. In this paper, the statistical method based on the evaluation of the German operational experience for piping systems with different diameters is described because an earlier estimation has been updated and extended introducing new methodical aspects and data. Major...

Uncuffed tracheostomy tubes are used for long-term mechanical ventilation in children. However, upper airway mechanics differ between sleep and wakefulness; this may affect air leak around tracheostomies. We studied 19 children with high cervical spinal cord injury on portable positive pressure ventilators, age range birth to 19 years. Ventilator settings were adjusted while awake to achieve Pa...

conclusions the early signs and symptoms of iscls may be subtle; therefore the diagnosis can easily be missed and prompt treatment of the syndrome may be postponed. thus, the clinician must consider iscls in differential diagnosis in cases of hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia. case presentation we present a 58-year-old female who presented with peripheral edema, leg pain, and ...

UNLABELLED We compared the Size 4 and 5 ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in men and the Size 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 PLMA in women in terms of 1) ease of insertion, 2) oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), 3) ease of ventilation at a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg, 4) gas exchange, 5) location of gas leak, 6) anatomic position of the airway and drain tube, and 7) mucosal injury. Thirty male and 60 fema...

PURPOSE To investigate risk factors for urine leak in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and to determine the role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization in preventing this postoperative complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIPN procedures done from September 1999 to July 2012 at our Center were reviewed from our IRB-approved database. Patient and tumor chara...

BACKGROUND The authors tested the hypothesis that pressure support ventilation (PSV) provides more effective gas exchange than does unassisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in anesthetized adult patients treated using the laryngeal mask airway. METHODS Forty patients were randomized to two equal-sized crossover groups, and data were collected before surgery. In g...

Homeostatic control of cell volume and intracellular electrolyte content is a fundamental problem in physiology and is central to the functioning of epithelial systems. These physiological processes are modeled using pump-leak models, a system of differential algebraic equations that describes the balance of ions and water flowing across the cell membrane. Despite their widespread use, very lit...

The leakage process simulation of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) storage tank requires the simultaneous solution of the NGL’s pressure, temperature and phase state in the tank and across the leak hole. The methods available in the literature rarely consider the liquid/vapor phase transition of the NGL during such a process. This paper provides a comprehensive pressure-temperature-phase state method...

background: proposing a strategy for sellar reconstruction in endoscopic transsphenoidal transsellar approach for pituitary adenoma. methods: 240 patients with pituitary adenoma underwent pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. intra-operative csf leaks were classified as grade 0, no observable leak grade 1, csf dripping through an arachnoid membrane defect of less than 1 mm and grad...