PURPOSE This study was performed to determine the optimal tile size for the fractal dimension of the mandibular trabecular bone using a tile counting method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital intraoral radiographic images were obtained at the mandibular angle, molar, premolar, and incisor regions of 29 human dry mandibles. After preprocessing, the parameters representing morphometric characterist...

Experiments have demonstrated that DNA molecules can compute like a machine to solve mathematical problems, which is significant because of their parallel computation ability. However, due to the nature of biochemical reactions, DNA computation suffers from errors, which are its main limitation. The abstract and kinetic Tile Assembly Models are now commonly used to simulate real DNA computing e...

We discuss the self-assembly system of triangular tiles instead of square tiles, in particular right triangular tiles and equilateral triangular tiles. We show that the triangular tile assembly system, either deterministic or non-deterministic, has the same power to the square tile assembly system in computation, which is Turing universal. By providing counter-examples, we show that the triangu...

The purpose of this paper is to give definitions of some new Hopf algebras analogous to the mod-p Steenrod algebras. For example, we produce a Hopf algebra over the integers whose reduction mod-p is the mod-p Steenrod algebra. Just for fun, we “quantize” these algebras too! Further study of the examples of this paper will be done in part II. 1 Deformations of Hopf Algebras Suppose that k is a c...

Ants provide an attractive metaphor for robots that “cooperate” in performing complex tasks. What, however, are the algorithmic consequences of following this metaphor? This paper is a step toward understanding the algorithmic strengths and weaknesses of ant-based computation models. We study the ability of ant-robots that are essentially mobile finite-state machines to perform a simple path-pl...

Introduction Recent studies of public underground parking lots showed the influence of radon concentration and the probable discomfort caused by parking cars. Materials and Methods Radon concentration was measured in semi-closed public parking lots in the six governorates of Kuwait, using Durridge RAD7radon detector (USA). Results The peak radon concentration in the parking lots of Kuwait gover...