Spasticity treatment must be considered in relation to other impairments with functional goals defined prior to intervention. The effects of muscle co-contraction and involuntary limb movement associated with exaggerated cutaneous reflexes or effort as well as stretch reflex hyperexcitability need to be considered. Exacerbating factors such as pain must be identified. Physical therapy and conve...

The management of childhood spasticity requires a multidisciplinary effort. With input from pediatricians, physical and occupational therapists, neurologists, orthotists, orthopedic surgeons, neurological surgeons, and other healthcare personnel, effective treatment for spasticity can be initiated and maintained that can lead to meaningful improvements in quality of life for vast numbers of chi...

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess quality and reliability YouTube videos on botulinum toxin injection for treatment spasticity.
 Material Method: In this cross-sectional study, a search was made 15 September 2020, using keywords "botulinum spasticity", “spasticity management with toxin" "treating spasticity botox". Two experienced reviewers reviewed first 200 videos. evaluated accordi...

J Rehabil Med Suppl 41, 2003 DOI 10.1080/16501960310010151 Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are seven serotypes, all of which block the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, which gives the compound its theoretical base for reducing spasticity. Initial studies of the use of botulinum toxin in the management of spasticity were p...

Results: This case report demonstrates the benefit of Botulinum Toxin A in the management of central post-stroke pain with elbow flexor spasticity. The clinical characteristics of the pain were neuropathic and the severity was greater than expected given the degree of spasticity. The pain responded to Botulinum Toxin treatment within a few days, independently of the improvement in spasticity an...

Spasticity, resulting in involuntary and sustained contractions of muscles, may evolve in patients with stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors critically review the neural mechanisms that may contribute to spasticity after SCI and assess their likely degree of involvement and relative significance to its pathophysiology. Experimental ...

ersity. P ed.2012. Abstract Spasticity is a wide spectrum disease that affects all age groups. Spasticity in children may have diverse etiologies; this article will focus on children with spasticity, most of whom have diagnoses of cerebral palsy; as approximately two thirds of all cerebral palsy patients suffer from spasticity. This review is meant to discuss various aspects of spasticity; nome...