[no abstract available]

â â â  â â  â  abstract â  this paper examines the two most important current efforts to devise new rules binding all nations the negotiations in the wto of trade rules and the negotiations under the un framework convention on climate change to devise rules restricting the annual emissions of greenhouse gases. both negotiations have failed after several years of intensive effort. there are rema...

economic policies need to be analyzed within consistent and coherent framework. in the absence of an operational framework the policy analyst is confronted with an indeterminate model to work with. this paper intends to offer a specific framework for economic-environment integration to highlight the role of economic policy and environment in sustainable development for the purpose of empiri...

there is a general consensus that climate change has impact on the intensity and frequency of rainfall events. however, very little research is available about the changes in short term rainfall extremes. the focus of this paper has been on the change in annual and monthly rainfall extremes in ontario. the results indicate a greater variability (increase and decrease) among stations for shorter...

projected global climate change may have a major influence on crop yield. the likely effects of climate change caused by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on rice yield in iran were evaluated using a mechanistic growth model for rice, gsac-rice, running under a climate change scenario predicted for a doubled-co2 (2xco2) atmosphere by the geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory (gfd...

Recent extreme events such as the devastating 2003 European summer heat wave raise important questions about the possible causes of any underlying trends, or low-frequency variations, in regional climates. Here, we present new evidence that basin-scale changes in the Atlantic Ocean, probably related to the thermohaline circulation, have been an important driver of multidecadal variations in the...

Empirical evidence for large-scale abrupt changes in ecosystems such as lakes and vegetation of semi-arid regions is growing. Such changes, called regime shifts, can lead to degradation of ecological services. We study simple ecological models that show a catastrophic transition as a control parameter is varied and propose a novel early warning signal that exploits two ubiquitous features of ec...

A better understanding of the effects of climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) on streamflow promotes the long-term water planning and management in the arid regions of northwestern China. In this paper, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and a separation approach were used to evaluate and separate the effects of climate change and LUCC on streamflow in the Xiying River basin. ...

this present research work was carried out to evaluate the energy consumption in a typical iranian building based on the forecast of climatic variables. thus, the lars-wg model was validated for some northwest stations of iran, including tabriz, ardebil, oromieh, kermanshah, hamedan, sannandaj, qazvin, and zanjan. the average monthly outdoor temperature was forecasted from 2011 to 2100. the rel...