Chronic pain is defined as persistent pain, which can be either continuous or recurrent and of suficient duration and intensity to affect patient's well-being, level of function and quality of life. The assessment should include the use of structured instruments to determine the severity, the impact of psychosocial factors and function. Sensory, affective and cognitive factors contribute to the...

Study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and simplicity of various pain rating scales in patients of osteoarthritis with chronic pain so that most appropriate scale can be identified. Scales included were Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Faces Pain Scale- Revised (FPS-R), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). Patients were asked t...

objective: bone marrow transplantation is considered one of the main procedures used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. psychological factors after bone marrow transplantation have an important role in the survival of the patients undergoing this procedure. method: in the present study, some parameters including depression, anxiety and cognition were assessed during ...

I read with interest a recent paper in your journal, in which three consciousness assessment scales were compared in poisoned patients and finally a new scale "AVPU plus" was proposed (1). The study was very interesting with a worthy objective. I would like to admire the authors for exploring how the Alert/Verbal/Painful/Unresponsive (AVPU) responsive scale corresponds with the Glasgow Coma Sca...

Change in pain is a useful outcome to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy with many musculoskeletal conditions but is difficult to measure due to the subjective, multidimensional nature of pain and the time taken for measurement. The purpose of this study was to look at the validity and reliability of a quick, easy to administer verbal percentage change in pain rating scale. Thirty-eig...

INTRODUCTION This study was designed to evaluate incidence and characteristics of acute referred orofacial pain caused by a posterior single tooth pulpitis in an Iranian population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 3,150 patients (1,400 males and 1,750 females) with pain in the orofacial region were evaluated via clinical and radiographic examination to determine their pain source. Pati...

in data envelopment analyze (dea) the scale efficiency in the input-oriented ccr model is less than or equal to the scale efficiency in dea based on the fractional analysis (dea-r). also, the scale efficiency in case of multiple inputs and one output and vice versa the scale efficiencies are equal in dea and dea-r. in this paper, first, dea-r model with weight restrictions when there is relativ...

BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of people's risk perceptions is important for numerous bodies of research and in clinical practice, but there is no consensus about the best measure. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated three measures of women's breast cancer risk perception by assessing their psychometric and test characteristics. DESIGN A cross-sectional mailed survey to women from a primary car...