medical ethics has a long history worldwide, and the move towards a transcultural ethics must be based on an appreciation of the history that has produced the present relationships. it is often thought that medical ethics history has begun at the time of hippocrates, however it is much older. it is clear that various cultures such as babylonia, ancient egypt, greece, and the persians have attem...

Anal fissure is an ischemic ulcer that occurs in anoderm and it has no obvious etiology and pathophysiology in current medicine. Anal fissure has a profound history in Persian and Persian medicine and wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) has been a common medication in this case. Traditional oil and/or dilute decoction of wallflower has been introduced as an effective topical medic...

Tantra and Ayurveda are interrelated, particularly during medieval period, Tantra had great impact on the theory and practice of Ayurveda. Hitherto this aspect of history is not sufficiently explored. In this paper, influence of Tantra on Sarngadhara, a representative author of the medieval period, has been vividly brought out.

The medieval Middle East, at the crossroads of Africa and Eurasia, included more distinct yet intersecting literary traditions in languages than any other part premodern world. While several these were religiously demarcated, others such as Arabic Persian multireligious written cultures. Despite this, religious diversity this region is often conceptualized separate communities who sometimes int...

cataract has a long history and was known about 2500 bc in egypt. in the medieval times, physicians and surgeons used surgical approaches to ease cataract (āb morvārid). albucasis, as a great spanish muslim surgeon (936-1013 ad) has a detailed and accurate description of cataract surgery procedure and patient care in his manuscript, al tasreef. his description can show surgical development to e...

The field of medicine originated in ancient times and developed according to society's values. Religious beliefs, lifestyles, customs shape national medicine, which turn is shaped by history culture. This culture, known the scientific literature as "folk medicine," also existed Kazakh society. cultural manifestation, dubbed "Field Medicine" our article, was documented written sources from Karak...

Abstract This article provides a textured history of the multivalent term “hindu” over 2,500 years, with goal productively unsettling what we think know. “Hindu” is ubiquitous word in modern times, used by scholars and practitioners dozens languages to denote members religious tradition. But meaning its common use are quite new. Here I trace layered “hindu,” part an array shifting identities ea...